--- - attributes: ~ caption: 'This frame from an animation of GPM data shows the internal structure of Hurricane Arthur off the coast of South Carolina. This event marks the first time that a satellite has followed a hurricane through its full life cycle with high-resolution measurements of rain and ice. The GPM mission’s observations of storms like Arthur will help scientists answer pressing questions about hurricanes, such as how and why they intensify. (Credit: NASA Scientific Visualization Studio/JAXA)' chapter_identifier: federal-investments-in-global-change-research create_dt: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/internal-structure-hurricane-arthur.yaml identifier: internal-structure-hurricane-arthur lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 1 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2015 source_citation: "NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio. Data provided by the joint NASA/JAXA GPM mission. Data used: GPM/DPR/Ku (7/3/2014), GPM/GMI/Surface Precipitation (7/3/2014), and Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Cloud Composite (7/1/2014 - 7/3/2014) " submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2014-07-03T23:59:00 time_start: 2014-07-01T00:00:00 title: Internal Structure of Hurricane Arthur uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/internal-structure-hurricane-arthur url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: "The sun reflects over thin sea ice and a few floating icebergs near the Denmark Strait off eastern Greenland, as seen from NASA's P-3B aircraft during an IceBridge flight. (Credit: NASA)" chapter_identifier: federal-investments-in-global-change-research create_dt: 2012-04-14T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/sea-ice-off-eastern-greenland.yaml identifier: sea-ice-off-eastern-greenland lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 2 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2015 source_citation: 'Photo was taken on April 14, 2012, by Jefferson Beck/NASA. It is associated with the IceBridge campaign and taken from on board the NASA P-3B research aircraft' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Sea Ice Off Eastern Greenland uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/sea-ice-off-eastern-greenland url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Iceberg trapped in sea ice in North Star Bay, near Thule Air Base, Greenland. (Credit: M. Studinger, NASA)' chapter_identifier: federal-investments-in-global-change-research create_dt: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/iceberg-north-star-bay.yaml identifier: iceberg-north-star-bay lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 3 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2015 source_citation: '2014 NASA Arctic IceBridge Mission, Michael Studinger (NASA)' submission_dt: ~ time_end: 2014-05-23T23:59:00 time_start: 2014-03-12T00:00:00 title: Iceberg in North Star Bay uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/iceberg-north-star-bay url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Monitoring biodiversity in the field. (Credit: C. Körner)' chapter_identifier: federal-investments-in-global-change-research create_dt: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/measuring-biodiversity.yaml identifier: measuring-biodiversity lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 4 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2015 source_citation: 'Christian Körner with students counting individuals of R. glacialis during a two-week field course in Abisko, Sweden, in 2002' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Measuring Biodiversity uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/measuring-biodiversity url: ~ usage_limits: 'Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. ' - attributes: ~ caption: 'Inside the prototype for SPRUCE experimental chambers. (Credit: DOE) ' chapter_identifier: federal-investments-in-global-change-research create_dt: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/experiment-understand-spruce-peatland-responses-climate-change.yaml identifier: experiment-understand-spruce-peatland-responses-climate-change lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 5 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2015 source_citation: 'Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Climatic and Environmental Change, 2010. The SPRUCE experiment, Oak Ridge National Laboratory http://mnspruce.ornl.gov/' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Experiment to Understand Spruce and Peatland Responses to Climate Change uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/experiment-understand-spruce-peatland-responses-climate-change url: ~ usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source. - attributes: ~ caption: 'Modeled (top panel) and observed (bottom two panels) changes in atmospheric aerosol loads between 1980 and 2000. A decrease over Europe and North America (blue) and an increase over southeastern and eastern Asia (red)—evident in all three panels—contributed to localized warming and cooling, respectively, during this period. (Credit: Shindell et al., 2013, Atmos. Chem. Phys.)' chapter_identifier: federal-investments-in-global-change-research create_dt: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/changes-atmospheric-aerosol-loads.yaml identifier: changes-atmospheric-aerosol-loads lat_max: 90 lat_min: -90 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 ordinal: 6 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2015 source_citation: 'Shindell, T. D. et al., Radiative Forcing in the ACCMIP Historical and Future Climate Simulations, 2949 Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 2939–2974, 2013 www.atmos-chem-phys.net/13/2939/2013/. Data for the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Global Aerosol Climatology Project comes from Geogdzhayev et al., 2005 and the data for the AVHRR NOAA comes from Zhao et al., 2008' submission_dt: 2013-03-15T00:00:00 time_end: 2000-12-31T23:59:00 time_start: 1980-01-01T00:00:00 title: Changes in Atmospheric Aerosol Loads uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/changes-atmospheric-aerosol-loads url: ~ usage_limits: 'Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. ' - attributes: ~ caption: 'Doppler radar deployed during the DYNAMO mission, with MJO-associated cumulus clouds growing over the Indian Ocean. (Credit: E. Maloney, Colorado State University)' chapter_identifier: federal-investments-in-global-change-research create_dt: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/radar-observations-madden-julian-oscillation.yaml identifier: radar-observations-madden-julian-oscillation lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 7 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2015 source_citation: 'Photograph courtesy of Eric D. Maloney, Colorado State University and Adam H. Sobel, Shang-Ping Xie, and L. Kiranmayi, NOAA Climate Program Office, National Science Foundation Climate and Large-Scale Dynamics Program' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Radar Observations of the Madden-Julian Oscillation uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/radar-observations-madden-julian-oscillation url: ~ usage_limits: 'Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. ' - attributes: ~ caption: 'The NASA GEOS5 model has made significant progress in simulating the MJO, demonstrated by how closely its output (right panel) visually resembles satellite observation data (left panel; in both panels, MJO events are represented as lines of green, red, and purple sloping from top left to bottom right). Although continued model improvements are necessary, this effort constitutes a substantial leap in near-term climate modeling capability. (Credit: S. Tulich, NOAA)' chapter_identifier: federal-investments-in-global-change-research create_dt: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/simulating-madden-julian-oscillation.yaml identifier: simulating-madden-julian-oscillation lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 8 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2015 source_citation: 'Grabowski W. and Tulich S., NOAA Earth System Science Program: Atmosphere-ocean interactions and tropical cloud populations: From shallow convection to the MJO. August, 2012-September, 2015' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Simulating the Madden-Julian Oscillation uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/simulating-madden-julian-oscillation url: ~ usage_limits: 'Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. ' - attributes: ~ caption: 'This diagram shows how, using the Global Change Information System, a user can trace an image from the Third National Climate Assessment back to its original source and supporting data. (Credit: Adapted from Goldstein et al., 2013, Research Data Access and Preservation Summit)' chapter_identifier: federal-investments-in-global-change-research create_dt: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/traceability-global-change-information-system.yaml identifier: traceability-global-change-information-system lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 9 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2015 source_citation: 'Goldstein, J. et al. 2013. Provenance of Figures in the Global Change Information System. Research Data Access and Preservation Summit: Baltimore, Maryland' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Traceability in the Global Change Information System uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/traceability-global-change-information-system url: ~ usage_limits: 'Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. ' - attributes: ~ caption: 'Megan Ennes, North Carolina Aquarium at Fort Fisher talks to aquarium visitors. The photographer is Hannah Pickard from the New England Aquarium and it was taken on 11/13/12 at a NNOCCI Alumni Reunion at Aquarium of the Bay in San Francisco (Credit: NNOCCI)' chapter_identifier: federal-investments-in-global-change-research create_dt: 2012-11-13T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/climate-change-interpretation-informal-education-settings.yaml identifier: climate-change-interpretation-informal-education-settings lat_max: ~ lat_min: ~ lon_max: ~ lon_min: ~ ordinal: 10 report_identifier: usgcrp-ocpfy2015 source_citation: 'Hannah Pickard, New England Aquarium at a NNOCCI Alumni Reunion at Aquarium of the Bay in San Francisco, 2012 (Credit: NNOCCI) ' submission_dt: ~ time_end: ~ time_start: ~ title: Climate Change Interpretation in Informal Education Settings uri: /report/usgcrp-ocpfy2015/chapter/federal-investments-in-global-change-research/figure/climate-change-interpretation-informal-education-settings url: ~ usage_limits: 'Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source. '