References in Limited interdecadal variation in mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and avian host competence for Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus)

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reference : Limited interdecadal variation in mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and avian host competence for Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus)

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/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/vectorborne-diseases/reference/45cf633e-2462-4d2a-9c0d-2bbdac4e5742
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Limited interdecadal variation in mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and avian host competence for Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus)

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reftype	Journal Article
Abstract	Historically, western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV) caused large equine and human epidemics in the Americas from Canada into Argentina. Despite recent enhanced surveillance for West Nile virus, there have been few reports of equine or human cases and little documented enzootic activity of WEEV. During the past three years, WEEV has been active again in California, but without human or equine cases. In the current study, we compared host and vector competence of representative WEEV isolates made during each decade over the past 60 years using white-crowned sparrows, house sparrows, and Culex tarsalis Coquillett as representative hosts. Results indicated limited time-related change in virulence among WEEV strains in birds and little difference in vector competence in Cx. tarsalis. Although temporal and spatial genetic changes have been documented, these seem to present limited phenotypic change in host competence and cannot explain the absence of equine and human cases.
Author	Reisen, W. K.; Fang, Y.; Brault, A. C.
Date	Apr
ISSN	0002-9637
Issue	4
Journal	The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Keywords	Animals; Bird Diseases/epidemiology/mortality/virology; Birds/virology; California/epidemiology; Cercopithecus aethiops; Culex/virology; Culicidae/virology; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/isolation & purification/pathogenicity; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/epidemiology; Female; Haplorhini; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/virology; Horses; Mice; Sparrows; Vero Cells; Viremia/epidemiology/veterinary
Notes	Reisen, William K Fang, Ying Brault, Aaron C eng NIAID RO1-39483/PHS HHS/ R01-AI47855/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ R01-AI55607/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't 2008/04/04 09:00 Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2008 Apr;78(4):681-6.
Pages	681-686
Title	Limited interdecadal variation in mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) and avian host competence for Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (Togaviridae: Alphavirus)
URL	http://www.ajtmh.org/content/78/4/681.full.pdf+html
Volume	78
Year	2008

Bibliographic identifiers
.reference_type	0
_record_number	18027
_uuid	45cf633e-2462-4d2a-9c0d-2bbdac4e5742