---
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  .reference_type: 0
  Abstract: 'Homeostatic models of the effects of environmental change often entail certain assumptions that may not be warranted. It is widely assumed that the effects of negative environmental change or stress are necessarily adverse and have relatively short-term effects. It is further assumed that these effects are linear, that is, the greater the stress, the more negative the outcome. In contrast, from an ecological and developmental perspective, environmental change is seen as having possible paradoxical (i.e., positive) outcomes as well, depending upon the type and timing of the outcome assessed, and situational and individual factors. Non-linear models are reviewed for their applicability to a broader conceptualization of environmental change. This approach includes both multiple determinants and outcomes of stress, and is sensitive to ecological and developmental concerns, such as the timing and context of the stressor and possible long-term outcomes.'
  Author: 'Aldwin, Carolyn; Stokols, Daniel'
  DOI: 10.1016/S0272-4944(88)80023-9
  Date: March
  ISSN: 0272-4944
  Issue: 1
  Journal: Journal of Environmental Psychology
  Pages: 57-75
  Title: 'The effects of environmental change on individuals and groups: Some neglected issues in stress research'
  Volume: 8
  Year: 1988
  _record_number: 18050
  _uuid: 1033040b-fcff-419e-ad20-8a3a7b0c5013
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.1016/S0272-4944(88)80023-9
description: 'The effects of environmental change on individuals and groups: Some neglected issues in stress research'
display_name: 'The effects of environmental change on individuals and groups: Some neglected issues in stress research'
href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/1033040b-fcff-419e-ad20-8a3a7b0c5013.yaml
identifier: 1033040b-fcff-419e-ad20-8a3a7b0c5013
publications:
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/mental-health-and-well-being
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/mental-health-and-well-being/finding/climate-change-threats-result-mental-health-consequences-social-impacts
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
type: reference
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