--- - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Thyng, Kristen M.; Hetland, Robert D.; Ogle, Marcus T.; Zhang, Xiaoqian; Chen, Fei; Campbell, Lisa' DOI: 10.1215/21573689-2417719 ISSN: 2157-3689 Issue: 1 Journal: 'Limnology and Oceanography: Fluids and Environments' Keywords: harmful algal bloom; regional ocean modeling system; particle tracking; Gulf of Mexico; algal bloom Pages: 269-278 Title: Origins of Karenia brevis harmful algal blooms along the Texas coast Volume: 3 Year: 2013 _record_number: 18983 _uuid: 15ed801a-daa7-4cea-9a80-38a4c2a787ad reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1215/21573689-2417719 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/15ed801a-daa7-4cea-9a80-38a4c2a787ad.yaml identifier: 15ed801a-daa7-4cea-9a80-38a4c2a787ad uri: /reference/15ed801a-daa7-4cea-9a80-38a4c2a787ad - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'To address the issue of human sewage reaching corals along the main reef of the Florida Keys, samples were collected from surface water, groundwater and coral [surface mucopolysaccharide layers (SML)] along a 10 km transect near Key Largo, FL. Samples were collected semi-annually between July 2003 and September 2005 and processed for faecal indicator bacteria (faecal coliform bacteria, enterococci and Clostridium perfringens) and human-specific enteric viruses (enterovirus RNA and adenovirus DNA) by (RT)-nested polymerase chain reaction. Faecal indicator bacteria concentrations were generally higher nearshore and in the coral SML. Enteric viruses were evenly distributed across the transect stations. Adenoviruses were detected in 37 of 75 samples collected (49.3%) whereas enteroviruses were only found in 8 of 75 samples (10.7%). Both viruses were detected twice as frequently in coral compared with surface water or groundwater. Offshore, viruses were most likely to be found in groundwater, especially during the wet summer season. These data suggest that polluted groundwater may be moving to the outer reef environment in the Florida Keys.' Author: 'Futch, J. C.; Griffin, D. W.; Lipp, E. K.' DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02141.x Date: Apr ISSN: 1462-2920 Issue: 4 Journal: Environmental Microbiology Keywords: 'Adenoviridae/*isolation & purification; Animals; Anthozoa/*virology; DNA, Viral/isolation & purification; Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification; Enterovirus/*isolation & purification; Feces/microbiology/virology; Florida; Fresh Water/virology; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification; Seawater/virology; Sewage/*virology; *Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants/analysis' Language: eng Notes: "1462-2920 Futch, J Carrie Griffin, Dale W Lipp, Erin K Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England Environ Microbiol. 2010 Apr;12(4):964-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02141.x. Epub 2009 Dec 26." Pages: 964-974 Title: Human enteric viruses in groundwater indicate offshore transport of human sewage to coral reefs of the Upper Florida Keys Volume: 12 Year: 2010 _record_number: 19052 _uuid: 191b4713-5d04-4f5b-a123-1fe82601efd3 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02141.x href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/191b4713-5d04-4f5b-a123-1fe82601efd3.yaml identifier: 191b4713-5d04-4f5b-a123-1fe82601efd3 uri: /reference/191b4713-5d04-4f5b-a123-1fe82601efd3 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Wade, Timothy J.; Sams, Elizabeth; Brenner, Kristen P.; Haugland, Richard; Chern, Eunice; Beach, Michael; Wymer, Larry; Rankin, Clifford C.; Love, David; Li, Quanlin; Noble, Rachel; Dufour, Alfred P.' DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-9-66 ISSN: 1476-069X Issue: 66 Journal: Environmental Health Pages: 66 Title: 'Rapidly measured indicators of recreational water quality and swimming-associated illness at marine beaches: A prospective cohort study' Volume: 9 Year: 2010 _record_number: 19331 _uuid: 1926f306-ee6c-45e0-ad2c-2ec599f99eaa reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1186/1476-069X-9-66 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/1926f306-ee6c-45e0-ad2c-2ec599f99eaa.yaml identifier: 1926f306-ee6c-45e0-ad2c-2ec599f99eaa uri: /reference/1926f306-ee6c-45e0-ad2c-2ec599f99eaa - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Drayna, Patrick; McLellan, Sandra L.; Simpson, Pippa; Li, Shun-Hwa; Gorelick, Marc H.' DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901671 ISSN: 1552-9924 Issue: 10 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Notes: 'Ch5,9' Pages: 1439-1443 Title: Association between rainfall and pediatric emergency department visits for acute gastrointestinal illness Volume: 118 Year: 2010 _chapter: 'Ch5,9' _record_number: 16488 _uuid: 197b91b6-04d3-429a-9a6c-90c784d86c1f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.0901671 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/197b91b6-04d3-429a-9a6c-90c784d86c1f.yaml identifier: 197b91b6-04d3-429a-9a6c-90c784d86c1f uri: /reference/197b91b6-04d3-429a-9a6c-90c784d86c1f - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'The access of almost all 270 million U.S. residents to reliable, safe drinking water distinguishes the United States in the twentieth century from that of the nineteenth century. The United States is a relatively water-abundant country with moderate population growth; nonetheless, current trends are sufficient to strain water resources over time, especially on a regional basis. We have examined the areas of public water infrastructure, global climate effects, waterborne disease (including emerging and resurging pathogens), land use, groundwater, surface water, and the U.S. regulatory history and its horizon. These issues are integrally interrelated and cross all levels of public and private jurisdictions. We conclude that U.S. public drinking water supplies will face challenges in these areas in the next century and that solutions to at least some of them will require institutional changes.' Author: 'Levin, R. B.; Epstein, P. R.; Ford, T. E.; Harrington, W.; Olson, E.; Reichard, E. G.' Date: Feb ISSN: 1552-9924 Issue: Suppl 1 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Keywords: '*Disease Transmission, Infectious; Facility Design and Construction; Forecasting; *Greenhouse Effect; Humans; Policy Making; Public Policy; Soil Pollutants; United States; Water Pollutants/*adverse effects; *Water Purification; *Water Supply' Language: eng Notes: 'Levin, Ronnie B Epstein, Paul R Ford, Tim E Harrington, Winston Olson, Erik Reichard, Eric G Journal Article Review United States Environ Health Perspect. 2002 Feb;110 Suppl 1:43-52.' PMC: 1241146 Pages: 43-52 Title: U.S. drinking water challenges in the twenty-first century URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241146/pdf/ehp110s-000043.pdf Volume: 110 Year: 2002 _record_number: 19017 _uuid: 19adfcfa-88e4-4728-9242-d9934063bb69 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/pmc-1241146 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/19adfcfa-88e4-4728-9242-d9934063bb69.yaml identifier: 19adfcfa-88e4-4728-9242-d9934063bb69 uri: /reference/19adfcfa-88e4-4728-9242-d9934063bb69 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Rose, Joan B.; Epstein, Paul R.; Lipp, Erin K.; Sherman, Benjamin H.; Bernard, Susan M.; Patz, Jonathan A.' ISSN: 1552-9924 Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives Notes: 'Ch5,6' PMC: 1240668 Pages: 211-221 Title: 'Climate variability and change in the United States: Potential impacts on water- and foodborne diseases caused by microbiologic agents' URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240668/pdf/ehp109s-000211.pdf Volume: 109 Suppl 2 Year: 2001 _chapter: 'Ch5,6' _record_number: 16484 _uuid: 19d0c5a6-be45-4234-8d62-6d3eff596da5 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/pmid-1240668 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/19d0c5a6-be45-4234-8d62-6d3eff596da5.yaml identifier: 19d0c5a6-be45-4234-8d62-6d3eff596da5 uri: /reference/19d0c5a6-be45-4234-8d62-6d3eff596da5 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Wescoat, J.L., Jr.,; Headington, Lisa; Theobald, Rebecca' DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.08.007 ISSN: 0016-7185 Issue: 5 Journal: Geoforum Pages: 801-814 Title: Water and poverty in the United States Volume: 38 Year: 2007 _record_number: 19326 _uuid: 1d452b5c-bb39-46e3-a497-0ef775e3461c reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.geoforum.2006.08.007 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/1d452b5c-bb39-46e3-a497-0ef775e3461c.yaml identifier: 1d452b5c-bb39-46e3-a497-0ef775e3461c uri: /reference/1d452b5c-bb39-46e3-a497-0ef775e3461c - attrs: .publisher: Blackwell Publishing Ltd .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Peeters, Frank; Straile, Dietmar; Lorke, Andreas; Livingstone, David M.' DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01412.x ISSN: 1365-2486 Issue: 9 Journal: Global Change Biology Keywords: climate warming; lake; mixing; modelling; phytoplankton; spring bloom; stratification Pages: 1898-1909 Title: Earlier onset of the spring phytoplankton bloom in lakes of the temperate zone in a warmer climate Volume: 13 Year: 2007 _record_number: 19055 _uuid: 1dd93561-606a-43ea-a054-c2626750c5f0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01412.x href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/1dd93561-606a-43ea-a054-c2626750c5f0.yaml identifier: 1dd93561-606a-43ea-a054-c2626750c5f0 uri: /reference/1dd93561-606a-43ea-a054-c2626750c5f0 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Kibler, S.R.; Tester, P.A.; Kunkel, K.E.; Moore, S.K.; Litaker, R.W.' DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.08.020 ISSN: 1872-7026 Journal: Ecological Modelling Pages: 194-210 Title: Effects of ocean warming on growth and distribution of dinoflagellates associated with ciguatera fish poisoning in the Caribbean Volume: 316 Year: 2015 _record_number: 18815 _uuid: 1dfd14e0-eae8-46d9-9c3e-0fa3f0c37da4 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.08.020 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/1dfd14e0-eae8-46d9-9c3e-0fa3f0c37da4.yaml identifier: 1dfd14e0-eae8-46d9-9c3e-0fa3f0c37da4 uri: /reference/1dfd14e0-eae8-46d9-9c3e-0fa3f0c37da4 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Global climate change (GCC) is likely to alter the degree of human exposure to pollutants and the response of human populations to these exposures, meaning that risks of pollutants could change in the future. The present study, therefore, explores how GCC might affect the different steps in the pathway from a chemical source in the environment through to impacts on human health and evaluates the implications for existing risk-assessment and management practices. In certain parts of the world, GCC is predicted to increase the level of exposure of many environmental pollutants due to direct and indirect effects on the use patterns and transport and fate of chemicals. Changes in human behavior will also affect how humans come into contact with contaminated air, water, and food. Dietary changes, psychosocial stress, and coexposure to stressors such as high temperatures are likely to increase the vulnerability of humans to chemicals. These changes are likely to have significant implications for current practices for chemical assessment. Assumptions used in current exposure-assessment models may no longer apply, and existing monitoring methods may not be robust enough to detect adverse episodic changes in exposures. Organizations responsible for the assessment and management of health risks of chemicals therefore need to be more proactive and consider the implications of GCC for their procedures and processes.' Author: 'Balbus, J. M.; Boxall, A. B.; Fenske, R. A.; McKone, T. E.; Zeise, L.' DOI: 10.1002/etc.2046 Date: Jan ISSN: 0730-7268 Issue: 1 Journal: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Keywords: 'Climate; Climate Change; Environment; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data; Environmental Pollutants/analysis/ toxicity; Humans; Models, Chemical; Risk; Risk Assessment' Language: eng Notes: "Balbus, John M Boxall, Alistair B A Fenske, Richard A McKone, Thomas E Zeise, Lauren Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Environ Toxicol Chem. 2013 Jan;32(1):62-78. doi: 10.1002/etc.2046." Pages: 62-78 Title: Implications of global climate change for the assessment and management of human health risks of chemicals in the natural environment Volume: 32 Year: 2013 _record_number: 4086 _uuid: 1e1e4a5d-8237-4a19-b90f-b666d0124d64 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/etc.2046 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/1e1e4a5d-8237-4a19-b90f-b666d0124d64.yaml identifier: 1e1e4a5d-8237-4a19-b90f-b666d0124d64 uri: /reference/1e1e4a5d-8237-4a19-b90f-b666d0124d64 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'In response to a major influx of freshwater to the Mississippi Sound following the opening of the Bonnet Carre Spillway, water samples were collected from three sites along the Mississippi shoreline to assess the impact of altered salinity on three pathogenic Vibrio species. Salinity readings across the affected area during the 2011 sample period ranged from 1.4 to 12.9 ppt (mean = 7.0) and for the 2012 sample period from 14.1 to 23.6 ppt (mean = 19.8). Analyses of the data collected in 2011 showed a reduction in densities of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus with a concurrent increase of Vibrio cholerae numbers, with V. cholerae becoming the only Vibrio detected once salinity readings dropped to 6 ppt. Follow-up samples taken in 2012 after recovery of the salinity in the sound showed that the relative densities of the three pathogenic vibrios had reverted back to normal levels. This study shows that although the spillway was open but a few weeks and the effects were therefore time limited, the Mississippi River water had a profound, if temporary, effect on Vibrio ecology in the Mississippi Sound.' Author: 'Griffitt, K. J.; Grimes, D. J.' DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0203-6 Date: Apr ISSN: 1432-184X Issue: 3 Journal: Microbial Ecology Keywords: Ecosystem; Rivers/chemistry/*microbiology; Salinity; Sodium Chloride/analysis/metabolism; Vibrio cholerae/*growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism; Vibrio parahaemolyticus/growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism; Vibrio vulnificus/*growth & development/isolation & purification/metabolism Language: eng Notes: "1432-184x Griffitt, Kimberly J Grimes, D Jay Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Microb Ecol. 2013 Apr;65(3):578-83. doi: 10.1007/s00248-013-0203-6. Epub 2013 Mar 14." Pages: 578-583 Title: 'Abundance and Distribution of Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus Following a Major Freshwater Intrusion into the Mississippi Sound' Volume: 65 Year: 2013 _record_number: 18424 _uuid: 1f3d783b-8f2b-484e-b391-ed42bf98b195 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00248-013-0203-6 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/1f3d783b-8f2b-484e-b391-ed42bf98b195.yaml identifier: 1f3d783b-8f2b-484e-b391-ed42bf98b195 uri: /reference/1f3d783b-8f2b-484e-b391-ed42bf98b195 - attrs: .reference_type: 47 Author: 'Le Saux, JC; Serais, O; Krol, J; Parnaudeau, S; Salvagnac, P; Delmas, G; Cicchelero, V; Claudet, J; Pothier, P; Balay, K' Conference Location: 'Blenheim, New Zealand' Conference Name: 6th International Conference on Molluscan Shellfish Safety Pages: 256-252 Publisher: The Royal Society of New Zealand Secondary Author: 'Busby,P.' Title: Evidence of the presence of viral contamination in shellfish after short rainfall events Year of Conference: 2009 _record_number: 18875 _uuid: 1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3 reftype: Conference Paper child_publication: /generic/b2ea6866-260b-4b45-9fd0-a87487a922c2 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3.yaml identifier: 1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3 uri: /reference/1fa41fee-df2b-4f6d-9e26-3f5107e462b3 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'The illness of three people in 2011 after their ingestion of mussels collected from Sequim Bay State Park, Washington State, USA, demonstrated the need to monitor diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs) in Washington State for the protection of human health. Following these cases of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, monitoring for DSTs in Washington State became formalized in 2012, guided by routine monitoring of Dinophysis species by the SoundToxins program in Puget Sound and the Olympic Region Harmful Algal Bloom (ORHAB) partnership on the outer Washington State coast. Here we show that the DSTs at concentrations above the guidance level of 16 mug okadaic acid (OA) + dinophysistoxins (DTXs)/100 g shellfish tissue were widespread in sentinel mussels throughout Puget Sound in summer 2012 and included harvest closures of California mussel, varnish clam, manila clam and Pacific oyster. Concentrations of toxins in Pacific oyster and manila clam were often at least half those measured in blue mussels at the same site. The primary toxin isomer in shellfish and plankton samples was dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) with D. acuminata as the primary Dinophysis species. Other lipophilic toxins in shellfish were pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2) and yessotoxin (YTX) with azaspiracid-2 (AZA-2) also measured in phytoplankton samples. Okadaic acid, azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1) and azaspiracid-3 (AZA-3) were all below the levels of detection by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A shellfish closure at Ruby Beach, Washington, was the first ever noted on the Washington State Pacific coast due to DSTs. The greater than average Fraser River flow during the summers of 2011 and 2012 may have provided an environment conducive to dinoflagellates and played a role in the prevalence of toxigenic Dinophysis in Puget Sound.' Author: 'Trainer, V. L.; Moore, L.; Bill, B. D.; Adams, N. G.; Harrington, N.; Borchert, J.; da Silva, D. A.M.; Eberhart, B.-T. L.' DOI: 10.3390/md11061815 Date: Jun ISSN: 1660-3397 Issue: 6 Journal: Marine Drugs Keywords: 'Animals; Bivalvia/chemistry; Chromatography, Liquid; Diarrhea; Disease Outbreaks; Environmental Monitoring/*methods; Humans; Marine Toxins/*analysis/isolation & purification; Okadaic Acid/analysis/isolation & purification; Seafood/*analysis; Shellfish/analysis; Shellfish Poisoning/epidemiology/*prevention & control; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Washington' Language: eng Notes: "1660-3397 Trainer, Vera L Moore, Leslie Bill, Brian D Adams, Nicolaus G Harrington, Neil Borchert, Jerry da Silva, Denis A M Eberhart, Bich-Thuy L Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. Switzerland Mar Drugs. 2013 May 28;11(6):1815-35. doi: 10.3390/md11061815." Pages: 1815-1835 Title: Diarrhetic shellfish toxins and other lipophilic toxins of human health concern in Washington state Volume: 11 Year: 2013 _record_number: 18440 _uuid: 1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3390/md11061815 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1.yaml identifier: 1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1 uri: /reference/1fa828cd-3816-495b-8f37-a7dd8007d6b1 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Changes in the biomass and species composition of phytoplankton may reflect major shifts in environmental conditions. We investigated relationships between the late summer biomass of different phytoplankton taxa and environmental factors, and their long-term (1979–2003) trends in two areas of the Baltic Sea, the northern Baltic proper (NBP) and the Gulf of Finland (GF), with statistical analyses. An increasing trend was found in late summer temperature and chlorophyll a of the surface water layer (0–10 m) in both areas. There was also a significant decrease in summer salinity and an increase in winter dissolved inorganic nitrogen to phosphorus (DIN:DIP) ratio in the NBP, as well as increases in winter DIN concentrations and DIN:SiO4 ratio in the GF. Simultaneously, the biomass of chrysophytes and chlorophytes increased in both areas. In the NBP, also the biomass of dinophytes increased and that of euglenophytes decreased, whereas in the GF, cyanobacteria increased and cryptophytes decreased. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that summer temperature and winter DIN concentration were the most important factors with respect to changes in the phytoplankton community structure. Thus, the phytoplankton communities seem to reflect both hydrographic changes and the ongoing eutrophication process in the northern Baltic Sea.' Author: 'Suikkanen, Sanna; Laamanen, Maria; Huttunen, Maija' DOI: 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.004 ISSN: 1096-0015 Issue: 3-4 Journal: 'Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science' Keywords: phytoplankton; Baltic Sea; long-term changes; eutrophication; multivariate analysis Pages: 580-592 Title: Long-term changes in summer phytoplankton communities of the open northern Baltic Sea Volume: 71 Year: 2007 _record_number: 19058 _uuid: 1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.09.004 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf.yaml identifier: 1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf uri: /reference/1fd644a4-c88d-4a0f-9353-bdb018ed2ccf - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Wiedner, C.\rRücker, J.\rBrüggemann, R.\rNixdorf, B." DOI: 10.1007/s00442-007-0683-5 ISSN: 0029-8549 Issue: 3 Journal: Oecologia Pages: 473-484 Title: Climate change affects timing and size of populations of an invasive cyanobacterium in temperate regions Volume: 152 Year: 2007 _chapter: '["RG 2 Southeast","Ch. 17: Southeast and Caribbean FINAL"]' _record_number: 3416 _uuid: 204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s00442-007-0683-5 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d.yaml identifier: 204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d uri: /reference/204a45ba-2f11-48f2-82e0-8075379b0a7d - attrs: .place_published: 'Waco, TX' .publisher: American Society of Limnology and Oceanography .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Historical records of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish from a coastal embayment in the Pacific Northwest of the United States are used to examine the influence of large-scale climate variations on aspects of Alexandrium catenella bloom dynamics on interannual and interdecadal timescales. An annual index of shellfish toxicity covaries with the number of days annually that sea surface temperature (SST) exceeds 13°C-a known temperature threshold for increased shellfish toxicity in this region—and with an index of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). In contrast, no robust relationship exists between our shellfish toxicity index and an index of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). We hypothesize that this is because anomalously warm water temperatures created during El Niño winters do not generally persist into the seasonal time period that shellfish in this region accumulate PSTs, which is typically in the summer and fall. In contrast, anomalously warm water temperatures created during warm-phase PDO winters and springs typically persist into the summer and fall, thereby increasing the number of days annually that SST exceeds 13°C, and increasing the window of opportunity for Alexandrium blooms that ultimately lead to shellfish acquiring higher concentrations of PSTs.' Author: "Moore, Stephanie K.\rMantua, Nathan J.\rHickey, Barbara M.\rTrainer, Vera L." DOI: 10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2262 ISSN: 1939-5590 Issue: 6 Journal: Limnology and Oceanography Pages: 2262-2274 Place Published: 'Waco, TX' Title: The relative influences of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation on paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation in northwest Pacific shellfish Volume: 55 Year: 2010 _chapter: '["Ch. 21: Northwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 3839 _uuid: 204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2262 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81.yaml identifier: 204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81 uri: /reference/204fc4ae-3c39-4e8a-9b02-df612d520c81 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Angelakis, A.N.; Gikas, P.' Journal: Water Utility Journal Pages: 67-78 Title: 'Water reuse: Overview of current practices and trends in the world with emphasis on EU states' URL: http://www.ewra.net/wuj/pdf/WUJ_2014_08_07.pdf Volume: 8 Year: 2014 _record_number: 19283 _uuid: 21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/water-reuse-overview-current-practices-trends-world-emphasis-eu-states href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd.yaml identifier: 21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd uri: /reference/21563247-fb6b-4b4c-b581-7d7b8bab70fd - attrs: .publisher: American Chemical Society .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Coulliette, Angela D.; Money, Eric S.; Serre, Marc L.; Noble, Rachel T.' DOI: 10.1021/es803183f Date: 2009/05/15 ISSN: 1520-5851 Issue: 10 Journal: Environmental Science & Technology Pages: 3728-3735 Title: Space/time analysis of fecal pollution and rainfall in an eastern North Carolina estuary Volume: 43 Year: 2009 _record_number: 19044 _uuid: 21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1021/es803183f href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e.yaml identifier: 21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e uri: /reference/21d0b329-9227-4294-8841-20b97219ab1e - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: 'Jofre, Juan; Blanch, Anicet R.; Lucena, Francisco' Book Title: 'Water Scarcity in the Mediterranean: Perspectives under Global Change' DOI: 10.1007/698_2009_22 Editor: 'Sabater,Sergi; Barcelo,Damia' ISBN: 1867-979X 1616-864X Pages: 147-159 Place Published: Berlin Publisher: Springer Title: Water-borne infectious disease outbreaks associated with water scarcity and rainfall events Year: 2010 _record_number: 18858 _uuid: 21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/0c5473f4-86ce-4c9b-a2f2-1694537ce41d href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40.yaml identifier: 21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40 uri: /reference/21e1cee8-0687-41e3-89f0-b6ccf4321f40 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: NSSP Pages: 478 Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration' Title: 'National Shellfish Sanitation Program (NSSP) Guide for the Control of Molluscan Shellfish, 2011 Revision' URL: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Food/GuidanceRegulation/FederalStateFoodPrograms/UCM350344.pdf Year: 2011 _record_number: 19023 _uuid: 22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/nssp-molluscan-2011 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3.yaml identifier: 22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3 uri: /reference/22170d6f-e976-4bd1-a15a-2f86c7fda7e3