---
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caption: 'Composite map of floods associated with landfalling hurricanes over the past 31 years, based on stream gauge data. The Flood Ratio (Q) refers to maximum hurricane-related flood peaks compared to 10-year flood peaks (expected to occur, on average, once every 10 years and corresponds to the 90th percentile of the flood peak distribution) calculated for the same area. See Villarini et al. 2014 for a detailed description of how Q values are calculated.<tbib>7f29d739-b00c-4140-a922-be8d211ecc5e</tbib> Q values between 0.6 and 1 (light blue and yellow) generally indicate minor to moderate flooding, while values above 1 (orange and red) generally indicate major flooding larger than the 10-year flood peak. The dark gray areas of the map represent the extent of the 500-km buffer around the center of circulation of the hurricanes included during the study period (the light gray areas of the map fall outside of the study area). Figure 4.3 shows that hurricanes are important contributors to flooding in the eastern United States, as well as large areas of the central United States. Land use/land cover properties and soil moisture conditions are also important factors for flooding. (Figure source: adapted from Villarini et al. 2014)<tbib>7f29d739-b00c-4140-a922-be8d211ecc5e</tbib>'
chapter:
  description: ~
  display_name: 'Chapter 4: Impacts of Extreme Events on Human Health'
  doi: 10.7930/J0BZ63ZV
  identifier: extreme-events
  number: 4
  report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
  sort_key: 40
  title: Impacts of Extreme Events on Human Health
  url: https://health2016.globalchange.gov/air-quality-impacts
chapter_identifier: extreme-events
cited_by: []
contributors:
  - display_name: 'Analyst : Lesley Jantarasami (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) '
    href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/20427.yaml
    id: 20427
    organization:
      country_code: US
      display_name: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
      identifier: us-environmental-protection-agency
      name: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
      organization_type_identifier: federal
      type: organization
      url: http://www.epa.gov/
    organization_uri: /organization/us-environmental-protection-agency
    person:
      display_name: Lesley Jantarasami
      first_name: Lesley
      id: 3705
      last_name: Jantarasami
      middle_name: ~
      orcid: 0000-0003-4766-7331
      type: person
      url: ~
    person_id: 3705
    person_uri: /person/3705
    role_type_identifier: analyst
    uri: /contributor/20427
create_dt: 2014-01-10T00:00:00
description: 'Composite map of floods associated with landfalling hurricanes over the past 31 years, based on stream gauge data. The Flood Ratio (Q) refers to maximum hurricane-related flood peaks compared to 10-year flood peaks (expected to occur, on average, once every 10 years and corresponds to the 90th percentile of the flood peak distribution) calculated for the same area. See Villarini et al. 2014 for a detailed description of how Q values are calculated.<tbib>7f29d739-b00c-4140-a922-be8d211ecc5e</tbib> Q values between 0.6 and 1 (light blue and yellow) generally indicate minor to moderate flooding, while values above 1 (orange and red) generally indicate major flooding larger than the 10-year flood peak. The dark gray areas of the map represent the extent of the 500-km buffer around the center of circulation of the hurricanes included during the study period (the light gray areas of the map fall outside of the study area). Figure 4.3 shows that hurricanes are important contributors to flooding in the eastern United States, as well as large areas of the central United States. Land use/land cover properties and soil moisture conditions are also important factors for flooding. (Figure source: adapted from Villarini et al. 2014)<tbib>7f29d739-b00c-4140-a922-be8d211ecc5e</tbib>'
display_name: '4.3: Hurricane-Induced Flood Effects in Eastern and Central United States'
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href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/extreme-events/figure/hurricane-induced-flood-effects-in-eastern-and-central-united-states.yaml
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references:
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report:
  display_name: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment'
report_identifier: usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
source_citation: ~
submission_dt: ~
time_end: 2011-12-31T23:59:59
time_start: 1981-01-01T00:00:00
title: Hurricane-Induced Flood Effects in Eastern and Central United States
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usage_limits: Copyright protected. Obtain permission from the original figure source.