--- - attrs: .reference_type: 0 .text_styles: '' Alternate Journal: Ecol. Lett. Author: "Liu, L. L.\rGreaver, T. L." Author Address: '[Liu, LL; Greaver, TL] US EPA, Assessment Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA; Liu, LL (reprint author), US EPA, Assessment Grp, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, MD B243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA; lingliliu@hotmail.com greaver.tara@epa.gov' DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x Date: Oct ISSN: 1461-023X Issue: 10 Journal: Ecology Letters Keywords: Agricultural system; carbon dioxide; carbon sequestration; emission; uptake factor; forest; global GHG budget; methane; N deposition; N; saturation; nitrous oxide; wetland; AVAILABLE MEASUREMENT DATA; CARBON-DIOXIDE; FOREST SOILS; METHANE; OXIDATION; OXIDE EMISSIONS; ELEVATED CO2; N-DEPOSITION; TERRESTRIAL; ECOSYSTEMS; TEMPERATE FORESTS; NITRIC-OXIDE Language: English Pages: 1103-1117 Title: 'A review of nitrogen enrichment effects on three biogenic GHGs: The CO2 sink may be largely offset by stimulated N2O and CH4 emission' Type of Article: Review URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x/pdf Volume: 12 Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 15: Biogeochemical FINAL"]' _record_number: 1452 _uuid: 056df2f8-5d6c-4941-8b86-8b799ecfc78b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01351.x href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/056df2f8-5d6c-4941-8b86-8b799ecfc78b.yaml identifier: 056df2f8-5d6c-4941-8b86-8b799ecfc78b uri: /reference/056df2f8-5d6c-4941-8b86-8b799ecfc78b - attrs: .publisher: Kluwer Academic Publishers .reference_type: 0 Alternate Journal: Climatic Change Author: "Karl, Thomas R.\rRiebsame, William E." DOI: 10.1007/BF00240466 Date: 1989/12/01 ISSN: 0165-0009 Issue: 3 Journal: Climatic Change Language: English Pages: 423-447 Title: 'The impact of decadal fluctuations in mean precipitation and temperature on runoff: A sensitivity study over the United States' Volume: 15 Year: 1989 _chapter: '["Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL"]' _record_number: 4585 _uuid: 056f88e1-f2c9-452e-82fb-133efe3f9e57 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/BF00240466 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/056f88e1-f2c9-452e-82fb-133efe3f9e57.yaml identifier: 056f88e1-f2c9-452e-82fb-133efe3f9e57 uri: /reference/056f88e1-f2c9-452e-82fb-133efe3f9e57 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'EPA,' Institution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Pages: 50 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Series Title: 'Global Change Research Program, National Center for Environmental Assessment' Title: A Screening Assessment of the Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Mitigation in the Great Lakes and New England Regions. EPA/600/R-07/033F URL: http://ofmpub.epa.gov/eims/eimscomm.getfile?p_download_id=472009 Year: 2008 _chapter: '["Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL","RG 10 Coasts","Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL"]' _record_number: 1503 _uuid: 057e69e7-a2a7-48f5-85f5-7214ed7b5bf7 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/epa-600-r-07-033f href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/057e69e7-a2a7-48f5-85f5-7214ed7b5bf7.yaml identifier: 057e69e7-a2a7-48f5-85f5-7214ed7b5bf7 uri: /reference/057e69e7-a2a7-48f5-85f5-7214ed7b5bf7 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Serreze, Mark C.\rBarrett, Andrew P.\rStroeve, Julienne" DOI: 10.1029/2011JD017421 ISSN: 0148-0227 Issue: D10104 Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research Pages: 1-21 Title: Recent changes in tropospheric water vapor over the Arctic as assessed from radiosondes and atmospheric reanalyses URL: http://icdc.zmaw.de/fileadmin/user_upload/icdc_Dokumente/serrezeetal_RecentChangesinTroposphericWaterVaporovertheArcticasassessedfromRadiosondesandAtmosphericReanalyses_117_D10104_2012.pdf Volume: 117 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 22: Alaska FINAL"]' _record_number: 2814 _uuid: 05871923-6197-473a-8329-dd7a83774068 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1029/2011JD017421 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/05871923-6197-473a-8329-dd7a83774068.yaml identifier: 05871923-6197-473a-8329-dd7a83774068 uri: /reference/05871923-6197-473a-8329-dd7a83774068 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'In the Arctic, permafrost extends up to 500 m below the ground surface, and it is generally just the top metre that thaws in summer. Lakes, rivers, and wetlands on the arctic landscape are normally not connected with groundwater in the same way that they are in temperate regions. When the surface is frozen in winter, only lakes deeper than 2 m and rivers with significant flow retain liquid water. Surface water is largely abundant in summer, when it serves as a breeding ground for fish, birds, and mammals. In winter, many mammals and birds are forced to migrate out of the Arctic. Fish must seek out lakes or rivers deep enough to provide good overwintering habitat. Humans in the Arctic rely on surface water in many ways. Surface water meets domestic needs such as drinking, cooking, and cleaning as well as subsistence and industrial demands. Indigenous communities depend on sea ice and waterways for transportation across the landscape and access to traditional country foods. The minerals, mining, and oil and gas industries also use large quantities of surface water during winter to build ice roads and maintain infrastructure. As demand for this limited, but heavily-relied-upon resource continues to increase, it is now more critical than ever to understand the impacts of climate change on food and water security in the Arctic.' Author: "White, Daniel M.\rS. Craig Gerlach\rPhilip Loring\rAmy C. Tidwell\rMolly C. Chambers" DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045018 ISSN: 1748-9326 Issue: 4 Journal: Environmental Research Letters Pages: 045018 Title: Food and water security in a changing arctic climate URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/1748-9326/2/4/045018/pdf/1748-9326_2_4_045018.pdf Volume: 2 Year: 2007 _chapter: '["Ch. 22: Alaska FINAL"]' _record_number: 3821 _uuid: 058cd073-9f08-4809-9522-451f48581dbf reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045018 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/058cd073-9f08-4809-9522-451f48581dbf.yaml identifier: 058cd073-9f08-4809-9522-451f48581dbf uri: /reference/058cd073-9f08-4809-9522-451f48581dbf - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Ziska, L.H.\rEpstein, P.R.\rRogers, C.A." DOI: 10.1007/s11027-007-9134-1 ISSN: 1381-2386 Issue: 5 Journal: Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change Pages: 607-613 Title: 'Climate change, aerobiology, and public health in the Northeast United States' Volume: 13 Year: 2008 _chapter: '["Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL"]' _record_number: 3553 _uuid: 05a0fdc2-15ec-44a8-9962-d857c295e281 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1007/s11027-007-9134-1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/05a0fdc2-15ec-44a8-9962-d857c295e281.yaml identifier: 05a0fdc2-15ec-44a8-9962-d857c295e281 uri: /reference/05a0fdc2-15ec-44a8-9962-d857c295e281 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: EPA Institution: 'Global Change Research Program, National Center for Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency' Pages: 137 Place Published: Washington D.C. Title: 'Land-Use Scenarios: National-Scale Housing-Density Scenarios Consistent with Climate Change Storylines (Final Report). EPA/600/R-08/076F' URL: http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=203458 Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL"]' _record_number: 3770 _uuid: 05a757a8-7972-4f33-aed8-424b0afb8fc4 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/epa-600-r-08-076f href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/05a757a8-7972-4f33-aed8-424b0afb8fc4.yaml identifier: 05a757a8-7972-4f33-aed8-424b0afb8fc4 uri: /reference/05a757a8-7972-4f33-aed8-424b0afb8fc4 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: "Pan, Z.T.\rSegal, M.\rLi, X.\rZib, B." Book Title: 'Understanding Climate Change: Climate Variability, Predictability and Change in the Midwestern United States' Editor: 'Pryor, S.C.' ISBN: 978-0-253-00682-0 Pages: 29-41 Place Published: 'Bloomington, IN' Publisher: Indiana University Press Reviewer: 05ae8ffd-6dc8-47c2-bea3-79ff7fd4a525 Title: 'Ch. 3: Global climate change impact on the Midwestern USA - A summer cooling trend' Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 2417 _uuid: 05ae8ffd-6dc8-47c2-bea3-79ff7fd4a525 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/8cc5ea2d-2857-45cd-9c22-84c8ca7eb3ca href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/05ae8ffd-6dc8-47c2-bea3-79ff7fd4a525.yaml identifier: 05ae8ffd-6dc8-47c2-bea3-79ff7fd4a525 uri: /reference/05ae8ffd-6dc8-47c2-bea3-79ff7fd4a525 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: "Ganachaud, A.S.\rGupta, A.S.\rOrr, J. C.\rWiffels, S.E.\rRidgway, K.R.\rHemer, M.A.\rMaes, C.\rSteinberg, C.R.\rTribollet, A.D.\rQiu, B.\rKruger, J.C. " Book Title: Vulnerability of Tropical Pacific Fisheries and Aquaculture to Climate Change Editor: "Bell, J.D.\rJohnson, J.E.\rHobday, A.J." Pages: 101-188 Publisher: 'Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia' Reviewer: 05b4968a-410a-43f0-b668-b96c5af0373c Title: 'Ch. 3: Observed and expected changes to the tropical Pacific Ocean' URL: http://cdn.spc.int/climate-change/fisheries/assessment/chapters/3-Chapter3.pdf Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 23: Hawaii FINAL"]' _record_number: 1201 _uuid: 05b4968a-410a-43f0-b668-b96c5af0373c reftype: Book Section child_publication: /book/0468171f-af68-46e7-a072-2c1a1a8d4a78 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/05b4968a-410a-43f0-b668-b96c5af0373c.yaml identifier: 05b4968a-410a-43f0-b668-b96c5af0373c uri: /reference/05b4968a-410a-43f0-b668-b96c5af0373c - attrs: .reference_type: 16 .text_styles: '' Access Year: 2012 Author: "Tans, P.\rKeeling, R." Place Published: 'Boulder, CO' Publisher: NOAA’s Earth System Research Laboratory Title: 'Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, Full Mauna Loa CO2 Record' URL: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/ Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 24: Oceans FINAL","RF 11"]' _record_number: 3013 _uuid: 05c92f5c-90f1-44e0-b087-99ade5969df3 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/347b5af4-2ee6-4dd8-a95b-a04f50af08af href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/05c92f5c-90f1-44e0-b087-99ade5969df3.yaml identifier: 05c92f5c-90f1-44e0-b087-99ade5969df3 uri: /reference/05c92f5c-90f1-44e0-b087-99ade5969df3 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'Federspiel, S.' Institution: University of Michigan School of Natural Resources and Environment Pages: 62 Place Published: 'Ann Arbor, MI' Title: 'Climate Change Adaptation Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation: Needs, Resources, and Lessons for the 2013 National Climate Assessment' Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 28: Adaptation FINAL"]' _record_number: 267 _uuid: 05e43c24-37ae-43fe-a170-7b4cd602b05c reftype: Report child_publication: /report/umichsnre-climchadaptplan-2012 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/05e43c24-37ae-43fe-a170-7b4cd602b05c.yaml identifier: 05e43c24-37ae-43fe-a170-7b4cd602b05c uri: /reference/05e43c24-37ae-43fe-a170-7b4cd602b05c - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Craft, C.\rClough, J.\rEhman, J.\rJoyce, S.\rPark, R.\rPennings, S.\rGuo, H.\rMachmuller, M." DOI: 10.1890/07219 Issue: 2 Journal: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment Pages: 73-78 Title: Forecasting the effects of accelerated sea-level rise on tidal marsh ecosystem services Volume: 7 Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL"]' _record_number: 726 _uuid: 060aa7cf-8b75-4cee-b558-1f730ebad7b1 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1890/070219 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/060aa7cf-8b75-4cee-b558-1f730ebad7b1.yaml identifier: 060aa7cf-8b75-4cee-b558-1f730ebad7b1 uri: /reference/060aa7cf-8b75-4cee-b558-1f730ebad7b1 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: "Pinder, R.\rW. Schlesinger\rG. Bonan\rN. Bettez\rT. Greaver\rW. Wieder\rE. A. Davidson" Book Title: 'The Role of Nitrogen in Climate Change and the Impacts of Nitrogen-Climate Interactions on Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems, Agriculture and Human Health in the United States: A Technical Report Submitted to the US National Climate Assessment' Editor: "E. C. Suddick\rE. A. Davidson" Pages: 45-65 Place Published: 'Falmouth, MA' Publisher: 'North American Nitrogen Center of the International Nitrogen Initiative (NANC-INI), Woods Hole Research Center' Reviewer: 061d6ff2-42ec-4051-8c3f-416e30680df0 Title: 'Ch. 3: Impacts of human alteration of the nitrogen cycle in the US on radiative forcing' URL: http://nitrogennorthamerica.org/pdf/NxCC_NCA_report_2012.pdf Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 15: Biogeochemical FINAL"]' _record_number: 2501 _uuid: 061d6ff2-42ec-4051-8c3f-416e30680df0 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/nca-rolenitrogen-2012 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/061d6ff2-42ec-4051-8c3f-416e30680df0.yaml identifier: 061d6ff2-42ec-4051-8c3f-416e30680df0 uri: /reference/061d6ff2-42ec-4051-8c3f-416e30680df0 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Temperature (T) and equivalent temperature (TE) trends over the United States from 1979 to 2005 and their correlation to land cover types are investigated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction North American Regional Reanalysis data, the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) land use/cover classification, the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) 1992–2001 Retrofit Land Cover Change and the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from AVHRR. Even though most of the magnitude of TE is explained by T, the moisture component induces larger trends and variability of TE relative to T. The contrast between pronounced temporal and spatial differences between T and TE at the near-surface level (2 m) and minor-to-no differences at 300–200 mb is a consistent pattern. This study therefore demonstrates that in addition to temperature, atmospheric heat content may help to quantify the differences between surface and tropospheric heating trends, and hence the impact of land cover types on the surface temperature changes. Correlations of T and TE with NDVI reveal that TE shows a stronger relationship to vegetation cover than T, especially during the growing season, with values that are significantly different and of opposite signs (−0.31 for Tvs NDVI; 0.49 for TEvs NDVI). Our results suggest that land cover types influence both moisture availability and temperature in the lower atmosphere and that TE is larger in areas with higher physical evaporation and transpiration rates. As a result, TE can be used as an additional metric for analysing near-surface heating trends with respect to land cover types. Moreover, TE can be tested as a complementary variable for assessing the impact of land surface and boundary layer processes in re-analysis and weather/climate model studies. ' Author: "Fall, S.\rDiffenbaugh, N.S.\rNiyogi, D.\rPielke, R.A., Sr\rRochon, G." DOI: 10.1002/joc.2094 ISSN: 1097-0088 Issue: 13 Journal: International Journal of Climatology Keywords: temperature;; equivalent temperature;; heat content;; NARR;; AVHRR;; NLCD;; NDVI Pages: 2045-2054 Title: Temperature and equivalent temperature over the United States (1979–2005) URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.2094/pdf Volume: 30 Year: 2010 _chapter: '["Ch. 13: Land Use and Land Cover Change FINAL"]' _record_number: 1646 _uuid: 062cab4d-e6a4-458a-8941-9485c1e9cdfb reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/joc.2094 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/062cab4d-e6a4-458a-8941-9485c1e9cdfb.yaml identifier: 062cab4d-e6a4-458a-8941-9485c1e9cdfb uri: /reference/062cab4d-e6a4-458a-8941-9485c1e9cdfb - attrs: .reference_type: 1 Author: "Rosenzweig, C.\rSolecki, W.D." Place Published: 'New York, New York' Publisher: Columbia Earth Institute Reviewer: 06618823-29b7-4c75-9736-afc7ae3a2b81 Series Editor: "Rosenzweig, C.\rSolecki, W.D." Title: 'Climate Change and a Global City: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change – Metro East Coast' Year: 2001 _chapter: '["Ch. 16: Northeast FINAL"]' _record_number: 2681 _uuid: 06618823-29b7-4c75-9736-afc7ae3a2b81 reftype: Book child_publication: /report/earthinstitute-climatechange-globalcity-2001 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/06618823-29b7-4c75-9736-afc7ae3a2b81.yaml identifier: 06618823-29b7-4c75-9736-afc7ae3a2b81 uri: /reference/06618823-29b7-4c75-9736-afc7ae3a2b81 - attrs: .reference_type: 1 Author: "Morgan, M.G.\rBaruch Fischhoff\rAnn Bostrom\rCynthia J. Atman" ISBN: 9780521002561 Pages: 366 Place Published: 'Cambridge, UK' Publisher: Cambridge University Press Reviewer: 069141e7-5abf-4072-946d-00fd9369b0b8 Title: 'Risk Communication: A Mental Models Approach' Year: 2002 _chapter: '["Ch. 26: Decision Support FINAL"]' _record_number: 4473 _uuid: 069141e7-5abf-4072-946d-00fd9369b0b8 reftype: Book child_publication: /book/f475a086-eb65-4462-9261-2dae639c9483 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/069141e7-5abf-4072-946d-00fd9369b0b8.yaml identifier: 069141e7-5abf-4072-946d-00fd9369b0b8 uri: /reference/069141e7-5abf-4072-946d-00fd9369b0b8 - attrs: .reference_type: 1 Author: 'NRC,' ISBN: 0309103312 Number of Pages: 154 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Publisher: National Research Council. The National Academy Press Reviewer: 06a53f5f-3202-4a61-b990-2115eb25c28f Title: 'Understanding Multiple Environmental Stresses: Report of a Workshop' URL: http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11748 Year: 2007 _chapter: '["Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL","Ch. 28: Adaptation FINAL"]' _record_number: 2290 _uuid: 06a53f5f-3202-4a61-b990-2115eb25c28f reftype: Book child_publication: /report/nrc-multiplestresses-2007 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/06a53f5f-3202-4a61-b990-2115eb25c28f.yaml identifier: 06a53f5f-3202-4a61-b990-2115eb25c28f uri: /reference/06a53f5f-3202-4a61-b990-2115eb25c28f - attrs: .reference_type: 0 .text_styles: '' Author: 'USFWS,' Issue: 95 Journal: Federal Register Pages: 28211-28303 Title: Endangered and threatened wildlife and plants; determination of threatened status for the polar bear (Ursus maritimus) throughout its range. Final rule. U.S. Fish Wildlife Service URL: http://www.fws.gov/policy/library/2008/E8-11105.html Volume: 73 Year: 2008 _chapter: '["Ch. 8: Ecosystems FINAL"]' _record_number: 4167 _uuid: 06a5edc4-eb31-458f-913e-1ea0f86b0283 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/federal-register-fr15my08-18 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/06a5edc4-eb31-458f-913e-1ea0f86b0283.yaml identifier: 06a5edc4-eb31-458f-913e-1ea0f86b0283 uri: /reference/06a5edc4-eb31-458f-913e-1ea0f86b0283 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Year: 2010 Author: 'Kershner, J.' Last Update Date: December 2010 Title: "North Carolina Sea Level Rise Project [Case study on a project of NOAA’s Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research]. Product of EcoAdapt's State of Adaptation Program" URL: http://www.cakex.org/case-studies/2787 Year: 2010 _chapter: '["Ch. 8: Ecosystems FINAL"]' _record_number: 1188 _uuid: 06d1db55-4d78-4a7c-aecc-8852c5a03811 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/cf5befdc-d73e-4fff-9d5b-1060bcc26e95 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/06d1db55-4d78-4a7c-aecc-8852c5a03811.yaml identifier: 06d1db55-4d78-4a7c-aecc-8852c5a03811 uri: /reference/06d1db55-4d78-4a7c-aecc-8852c5a03811 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Vitousek, P.M.\rLadefoged, T.N.\rKirch, P.V.\rHartshorn, A.S.\rGraves, M.W.\rHotchkiss, S.C.\rTuljapurkar, S.\rChadwick, O.A." DOI: 10.1126/science.1099619 ISSN: 0036-8075 Issue: 5677 Journal: Science Pages: 1665-1669 Title: 'Soils, agriculture, and society in precontact Hawaii' Volume: 304 Year: 2004 _chapter: '["Ch. 23: Hawaii FINAL"]' _record_number: 3302 _uuid: 06f42044-ef11-45ad-8df5-4eabf2cd4e2f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1099619 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/06f42044-ef11-45ad-8df5-4eabf2cd4e2f.yaml identifier: 06f42044-ef11-45ad-8df5-4eabf2cd4e2f uri: /reference/06f42044-ef11-45ad-8df5-4eabf2cd4e2f