--- - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: "Skaggs, R.\rHibbard, K.\rFrumhoff, Peter\rLowry, Thomas\rMiddleton, Richard\rPate, Ron\rTidwell, Vince\rArnold, Jeffrey\rAvert, Kristen\rJanetos, Anthony\rIzaurralde, Cesar\rRice, Jennie\rRose, Steve" Institution: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Pages: 152 Place Published: 'Richland, Washington' Title: Climate and Energy-Water-Land System Interactions. Technical Report to the U.S. Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment. PNNL-21185 URL: http://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-21185.pdf Year: 2012 _chapter: '["RF 7","Ch. 4: Energy Supply and Use FINAL","Ch. 28: Adaptation FINAL","RF 12","Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 2862 _uuid: 552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/pnnl-21185 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150.yaml identifier: 552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 uri: /reference/552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: "Davidson, H.C.\rR.K. Paisley" Date: March 2009 Institution: Canadian Columbia River Forum Pages: 50 Title: 'The Columbia River Basin: Issues & Driving forces within the Columbia River Basin with the potential to affect future transboundary water management. Final report for the Canadian Columbia River Forum.' URL: http://www.ccrf.ca/assets/docs/pdf/issues-driving-forces-ccrf-final-march-2009.pdf Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 3973 _uuid: 5c24a609-3e56-451f-a854-b5187b0b6ece reftype: Report child_publication: /report/canadcolrivforum-colrivbasin-2009 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/5c24a609-3e56-451f-a854-b5187b0b6ece.yaml identifier: 5c24a609-3e56-451f-a854-b5187b0b6ece uri: /reference/5c24a609-3e56-451f-a854-b5187b0b6ece - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'EPA,' Institution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Pages: 190 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Title: Plan to Study the Potential Impacts of Hydraulic Fracturing on Drinking Water Resources. EPA/600/R-11/122 URL: http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/class2/hydraulicfracturing/upload/FINAL-STUDY-PLAN-HF_Web_2.pdf Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 1271 _uuid: 5eaab55e-f5ea-47d5-96f0-24eab6e83d06 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/epa-600-r-11-122 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/5eaab55e-f5ea-47d5-96f0-24eab6e83d06.yaml identifier: 5eaab55e-f5ea-47d5-96f0-24eab6e83d06 uri: /reference/5eaab55e-f5ea-47d5-96f0-24eab6e83d06 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Costello, C.\rGriffin, W.M.\rLandis, A.E.\rMatthews, H.S." DOI: 10.1021/es9011433 Issue: 20 Journal: Environmental Science & Technology Pages: 7985-7991 Title: Impact of biofuel crop production on the formation of hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico Volume: 43 Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 877 _uuid: 604a8457-0aa5-4135-9898-d70aad7725c8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1021/es9011433 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/604a8457-0aa5-4135-9898-d70aad7725c8.yaml identifier: 604a8457-0aa5-4135-9898-d70aad7725c8 uri: /reference/604a8457-0aa5-4135-9898-d70aad7725c8 - attrs: .publisher: Public Library of Science .reference_type: 0 Abstract: '

Concern over climate change has led the U.S. to consider a cap-and-trade system to regulate emissions. Here we illustrate the land-use impact to U.S. habitat types of new energy development resulting from different U.S. energy policies. We estimated the total new land area needed by 2030 to produce energy, under current law and under various cap-and-trade policies, and then partitioned the area impacted among habitat types with geospatial data on the feasibility of production. The land-use intensity of different energy production techniques varies over three orders of magnitude, from 1.9–2.8 km2/TW hr/yr for nuclear power to 788–1000 km2/TW hr/yr for biodiesel from soy. In all scenarios, temperate deciduous forests and temperate grasslands will be most impacted by future energy development, although the magnitude of impact by wind, biomass, and coal to different habitat types is policy-specific. Regardless of the existence or structure of a cap-and-trade bill, at least 206,000 km2 will be impacted without substantial increases in energy efficiency, which saves at least 7.6 km2 per TW hr of electricity conserved annually and 27.5 km2 per TW hr of liquid fuels conserved annually. Climate policy that reduces carbon dioxide emissions may increase the areal impact of energy, although the magnitude of this potential side effect may be substantially mitigated by increases in energy efficiency. The possibility of widespread energy sprawl increases the need for energy conservation, appropriate siting, sustainable production practices, and compensatory mitigation offsets.

' Author: "McDonald, Robert I.\rFargione, Joseph\rKiesecker, Joe\rMiller, William M.\rPowell, Jimmie" DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006802 Issue: 8 Journal: PLoS ONE Pages: e6802 Title: 'Energy sprawl or energy efficiency: Climate policy impacts on natural habitat for the United States of America' URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0006802 Volume: 4 Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 3975 _uuid: 62df8fca-fcfe-41c4-8b33-85cc3f126441 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1371/journal.pone.0006802 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/62df8fca-fcfe-41c4-8b33-85cc3f126441.yaml identifier: 62df8fca-fcfe-41c4-8b33-85cc3f126441 uri: /reference/62df8fca-fcfe-41c4-8b33-85cc3f126441 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Year: 2013 Author: 'Mississippi Power,' Last Update Date: 'October 29, 2013' Title: 'Mississippi Power revises dates, cost of Kemper plant project' URL: http://www.mississippipower.com/kemper/news_oct29-2013.asp Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 4530 _uuid: 6461c0e6-f790-45d5-9d54-1e84817782e4 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/65e682c8-f9fc-419b-8d65-29b707a86236 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/6461c0e6-f790-45d5-9d54-1e84817782e4.yaml identifier: 6461c0e6-f790-45d5-9d54-1e84817782e4 uri: /reference/6461c0e6-f790-45d5-9d54-1e84817782e4 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 .text_styles: '' Author: "Calvin, Katherine\rEdmonds, James\rBond-Lamberty, Ben\rClarke, Leon\rKim, Son H.\rKyle, Page\rSmith, Steven J.\rThomson, Allison\rWise, Marshall" DOI: 10.1016/j.eneco.2009.06.006 ISSN: 0140-9883 Issue: Supplement 2 Journal: Energy Economics Keywords: "EMF22\rClimate change\rEnergy\rLand use\r450 ppm" Pages: S107-S120 Title: '2.6: Limiting climate change to 450 ppm CO2 equivalent in the 21st century' Volume: 31 Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 3964 _uuid: 6829c118-f9b0-4fd2-a1e8-08bf451d6099 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1016/j.eneco.2009.06.006 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/6829c118-f9b0-4fd2-a1e8-08bf451d6099.yaml identifier: 6829c118-f9b0-4fd2-a1e8-08bf451d6099 uri: /reference/6829c118-f9b0-4fd2-a1e8-08bf451d6099 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Accession Number: 25 Author: "Clarke, L.\rEdmonds, J.\rJacoby, H.\rPitcher, H.\rReilly, J\rRichels, R." Institution: 'U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Biological & Environmental Research' Pages: 154 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Title: Scenarios of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Atmospheric Concentrations–US Climate Change Science Program Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1a. Sub-report 2.1A of Synthesis and Assessment Product 2.1 URL: http://downloads.globalchange.gov/sap/sap2-1a/sap2-1a-final-all.pdf Year: 2007 _chapter: '["Ch. 4: Energy Supply and Use FINAL","Ch. 27: Mitigation FINAL","Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 1497 _uuid: 6ac1aea5-6b76-46e1-822e-664cb3d11e9a reftype: Report child_publication: /report/ccsp-sap-2_1a-2007 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/6ac1aea5-6b76-46e1-822e-664cb3d11e9a.yaml identifier: 6ac1aea5-6b76-46e1-822e-664cb3d11e9a uri: /reference/6ac1aea5-6b76-46e1-822e-664cb3d11e9a - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: "Averyt, K.\rFisher, J.\rHuber-Lee, A.\rLewis, A.\rMacknick, J.\rMadden, N.\rRogers, J.\rTellinghuisen, S." Institution: Union of Concerned Scientists Pages: 62 Title: 'Freshwater Use by US Power Plants: Electricity’s Thirst for a Precious Resource. A Report of the Energy and Water in a Warming World initiative' URL: http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/clean_energy/ew3/ew3-freshwater-use-by-us-power-plants.pdf Volume: 2011 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["RF 7","Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 744 _uuid: 6c050821-4d0f-452a-9fb3-6576a5cc1c2e reftype: Report child_publication: /report/ucusa-freshwater-2011 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/6c050821-4d0f-452a-9fb3-6576a5cc1c2e.yaml identifier: 6c050821-4d0f-452a-9fb3-6576a5cc1c2e uri: /reference/6c050821-4d0f-452a-9fb3-6576a5cc1c2e - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Year: 2012 Author: 'USDA, ' Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Publisher: 'U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service' Title: Major Land Uses URL: http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/major-land-uses.aspx Year: 2007 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 3231 _uuid: 6e583da5-d83a-4912-b729-8a1123e2bde9 reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/ca60265e-d7f8-4ab5-9ac0-3f35f8c85bb2 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/6e583da5-d83a-4912-b729-8a1123e2bde9.yaml identifier: 6e583da5-d83a-4912-b729-8a1123e2bde9 uri: /reference/6e583da5-d83a-4912-b729-8a1123e2bde9 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'EPA,' Institution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Title: Supplemental EPA Analysis of the American Clean Energy and Security Act of 2009 H.R. 2454 in the 111th Congress URL: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/EPAactivities/HR2454_Analysis.pdf Year: 2010 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 3963 _uuid: 6e65de3a-db02-4331-80ae-11cabe38a315 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/epa-supplemental-2010 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/6e65de3a-db02-4331-80ae-11cabe38a315.yaml identifier: 6e65de3a-db02-4331-80ae-11cabe38a315 uri: /reference/6e65de3a-db02-4331-80ae-11cabe38a315 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'DOE,' Institution: U.S. Department of Energy Pages: 24 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Title: 'Concentrating Solar Power Commercial Application Study: Reducing Water Consumption of Concentrating Solar Power Electricity Generation. Report to Congress.' URL: http://www1.eere.energy.gov/solar/pdfs/csp_water_study.pdf Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 436 _uuid: 70a7ccad-a525-412e-8572-325814906b45 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/doe-concentratingsolar-2009 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/70a7ccad-a525-412e-8572-325814906b45.yaml identifier: 70a7ccad-a525-412e-8572-325814906b45 uri: /reference/70a7ccad-a525-412e-8572-325814906b45 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Access Date: 2011 Author: "Rose, Steven K.\rSohngen, Brent" DOI: 10.1017/S1355770X11000027 ISSN: 1469-4395 Issue: Special Issue 04 Journal: Environment and Development Economics Pages: 429-454 Title: Global forest carbon sequestration and climate policy design Volume: 16 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 3966 _uuid: 7631ed94-5da9-424b-9044-512fae72b7b6 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1017/S1355770X11000027 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/7631ed94-5da9-424b-9044-512fae72b7b6.yaml identifier: 7631ed94-5da9-424b-9044-512fae72b7b6 uri: /reference/7631ed94-5da9-424b-9044-512fae72b7b6 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'EPA,' Institution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Title: Cooling Water Intake Structures—CWA 316(b) URL: http://water.epa.gov/lawsregs/lawsguidance/cwa/316b/index.cfm Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 3960 _uuid: 78127ba4-136a-41c5-b02d-55a1b50f36ce reftype: Report child_publication: /report/epa-cwa-316b href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/78127ba4-136a-41c5-b02d-55a1b50f36ce.yaml identifier: 78127ba4-136a-41c5-b02d-55a1b50f36ce uri: /reference/78127ba4-136a-41c5-b02d-55a1b50f36ce - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Natural gas is seen by many as the future of American energy: a fuel that can provide energy independence and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the process. However, there has also been confusion about the climate implications of increased use of natural gas for electric power and transportation. We propose and illustrate the use of technology warming potentials as a robust and transparent way to compare the cumulative radiative forcing created by alternative technologies fueled by natural gas and oil or coal by using the best available estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from each fuel cycle (i.e., production, transportation and use). We find that a shift to compressed natural gas vehicles from gasoline or diesel vehicles leads to greater radiative forcing of the climate for 80 or 280 yr, respectively, before beginning to produce benefits. Compressed natural gas vehicles could produce climate benefits on all time frames if the well-to-wheels CH4 leakage were capped at a level 45–70% below current estimates. By contrast, using natural gas instead of coal for electric power plants can reduce radiative forcing immediately, and reducing CH4 losses from the production and transportation of natural gas would produce even greater benefits. There is a need for the natural gas industry and science community to help obtain better emissions data and for increased efforts to reduce methane leakage in order to minimize the climate footprint of natural gas.' Author: "Alvarez, Ramón A.\rPacala, Stephen W.\rWinebrake, James J.\rChameides, William L.\rHamburg, Steven P." DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1202407109 Date: 'April 24, 2012' Issue: 17 Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Pages: 6435-6440 Title: Greater focus needed on methane leakage from natural gas infrastructure URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/109/17/6435.full.pdf+html?with-ds=yes Volume: 109 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 4280 _uuid: 7d060b80-45b9-4d31-9ba4-5c9aef5b1920 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.1202407109 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/7d060b80-45b9-4d31-9ba4-5c9aef5b1920.yaml identifier: 7d060b80-45b9-4d31-9ba4-5c9aef5b1920 uri: /reference/7d060b80-45b9-4d31-9ba4-5c9aef5b1920 - attrs: .reference_type: 5 Issue Date: 'August 17, 2011' Newspaper: AgriLife TODAY Publisher: Texas A&M AgriLife Communications Reporter: 'Fannin, B.' Title: Texas agricultural drought losses reach record $5.2 billion URL: http://agrilife.org/today/2011/08/17/texas-agricultural-drought-losses-reach-record-5-2-billion/ Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 1658 _uuid: 7db38c4a-ece3-4a7d-ae2b-5e95b04c6ba7 reftype: Newspaper Article child_publication: /generic/1f8eeb30-b669-475d-b66c-91b2913aa709 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/7db38c4a-ece3-4a7d-ae2b-5e95b04c6ba7.yaml identifier: 7db38c4a-ece3-4a7d-ae2b-5e95b04c6ba7 uri: /reference/7db38c4a-ece3-4a7d-ae2b-5e95b04c6ba7 - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: 'DOE,' Institution: U.S. Department of Energy Pages: 116 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Title: 'Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: A Primer' URL: http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/03/f0/ShaleGasPrimer_Online_4-2009.pdf Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 1127 _uuid: 7fbbe803-8d4a-479d-8720-920585f24743 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/doe-shalegasprimer-2009 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/7fbbe803-8d4a-479d-8720-920585f24743.yaml identifier: 7fbbe803-8d4a-479d-8720-920585f24743 uri: /reference/7fbbe803-8d4a-479d-8720-920585f24743 - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Year: 2013 Author: 'NETL,' Publisher: 'National Energy Technology Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy' Title: 'Gasifipedia: Advantages of Gasification – High Efficiency' URL: http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/coalpower/gasification/gasifipedia/ Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 4278 _uuid: 80ad1d5d-c377-4968-8612-de0c402a5eca reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/911af462-a270-4d54-83e3-f37e6ddb3bb2 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/80ad1d5d-c377-4968-8612-de0c402a5eca.yaml identifier: 80ad1d5d-c377-4968-8612-de0c402a5eca uri: /reference/80ad1d5d-c377-4968-8612-de0c402a5eca - attrs: .reference_type: 16 Access Year: 2012 Author: 'Giberson, M.' Publisher: The Energy Collective Title: 'Power Consumption Reaches New Peaks in Texas, ERCOT Narrowly Avoids Rolling Blackouts' URL: http://theenergycollective.com/michaelgiberson/63173/power-consumption-reaches-new-peaks-texas-ercot-narrowly-avoids-rolling-blacko Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Appendix 1: Process FINAL","Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 1304 _uuid: 854dfbca-9ae7-43cb-8d2b-5c5af1af171d reftype: Web Page child_publication: /webpage/256d3c1b-eccb-4f8b-81a6-58f01196f093 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/854dfbca-9ae7-43cb-8d2b-5c5af1af171d.yaml identifier: 854dfbca-9ae7-43cb-8d2b-5c5af1af171d uri: /reference/854dfbca-9ae7-43cb-8d2b-5c5af1af171d - attrs: .reference_type: 10 Author: "Webb, A.\rCoates, D." Date: September 2012 Institution: 'Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity. ' Pages: 69 Place Published: Montreal Title: Biofuels and Biodiversity. CBD Technical Series No. 65 URL: http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-ts-65-en.pdf Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 10: Energy Water Land FINAL"]' _record_number: 4277 _uuid: 8770e028-6f1d-4d2d-887b-f8a3a033b3d0 reftype: Report child_publication: /report/cbd-technicalseries-65-2012 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/8770e028-6f1d-4d2d-887b-f8a3a033b3d0.yaml identifier: 8770e028-6f1d-4d2d-887b-f8a3a033b3d0 uri: /reference/8770e028-6f1d-4d2d-887b-f8a3a033b3d0