--- - chapter_identifier: water-energy-land-use confidence: 'Given the evidence base and remaining uncertainties, confidence is high. The primary limitation on the confidence assigned to this key message is with respect to its generality. The degree of interactions among the energy, water, and land sectors varies regionally as does the character and intensity of climate change.' evidence: "The key message and supporting text summarizes extensive evidence documented in the Technical Input Report (TIR): Climate and Energy-Water-Land System Interactions: Technical Report to the U.S. Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment.552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 Technical input reports (59) on a wide range of topics were also received and reviewed as part of the Federal Register Notice solicitation for public input. \r\nThe TIR552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 incorporates the findings of a workshop, convened by the author team, of experts and stakeholders. The TIR summarizes numerous examples of interactions between specific sectors, such as energy and water or water and land use. A synthesis of these examples provides insight into how climate change impacts the interactions between these sectors.\r\nThe TIR552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 shows that the character and significance of interactions among the energy, water, and land resource sectors vary regionally. Additionally, the influence of impacts on one sector for the other sectors will depend on the specific impacts involved. Climate change impacts will affect the interactions among sectors, but this may not occur in all circumstances.\r\nThe key message is supported by the National Climate Assessment Climate Scenarios (for example, Kunkel et al. 2013903f7ebb-9b60-4418-b617-593476cbcea5). Many of the historic trends included in the Climate Scenarios are based on data assembled by the Cooperative Observer Network of the National Weather Service (http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/coop/). Regional climate outlooks are based on the appropriate regional chapter.\r\nThe Texas drought of 2011 and 2012 provides a clear example of cascading impacts through interactions among the energy, water, and land resource sectors.2c8387dc-24b4-4293-b51c-46871cac064f,11d768c2-a4c6-479e-ae58-29cbeff601ce,f03c8590-8b20-442a-a603-dee6c3bf70e1,d52ec144-56fe-4272-9445-3cf302b289d0,c614ccf4-f962-4bd3-ace0-c73391431b16,f6620ec8-a9f9-4552-80f4-5381f5db4211 The U.S. Drought Monitor (http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/) provides relevant historical data. Evidence also includes articles appearing in the public press95346703-7512-4bb0-8967-8dc89ec7acae and Internet media.7db38c4a-ece3-4a7d-ae2b-5e95b04c6ba7\r\n" href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/water-energy-land-use/finding/energy-land-water-interactions.yaml identifier: energy-land-water-interactions ordinal: 1 process: 'The authors met for a one-day face-to-face meeting, and held teleconferences approximately weekly from March through August 2012. They considered a variety of technical input documents, including a Technical Input Report prepared through an interagency process,552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 and 59 other reports submitted through the Federal Register Notice request for public input. The key messages were selected based on expert judgment, derived from the set of examples assembled to demonstrate the character and consequences of interactions among the energy, water, and land resource sectors.' report_identifier: nca3 statement: 'Energy, water, and land systems interact in many ways. Climate change affects the individual sectors and their interactions; the combination of these factors affects climate change vulnerability as well as adaptation and mitigation options for different regions of the country.' uncertainties: "The Texas drought of 2011 and 2012 demonstrates the occurrence of cascading impacts involving the energy, land, and water sectors; however, the Texas example cannot be generalized to all parts of the country or to all impacts of climate change (for example, see Chapter 3 for flooding and energy system impacts). The Technical Input Report552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 provides numerous additional examples and a general description of interactions that underlie cascading impacts between these resource sectors.\r\nThere are no major uncertainties regarding this key message. There are major uncertainties, however, in the magnitude of impacts in how decisions in one sector might affect another. The intensity of interactions will be difficult to assess under climate change.\r\n" uri: /report/nca3/chapter/water-energy-land-use/finding/energy-land-water-interactions url: ~ - chapter_identifier: water-energy-land-use confidence: 'Given the evidence base and remaining uncertainties, confidence is high. The primary limitation on confidence assigned to this key message is with respect to its generality and dependence on technological advances. Energy technology development has the potential to reduce water and land requirements, and to reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts. It is difficult to forecast success in this regard for technologies such as CCS that are still in early phases of development' evidence: "The key message and supporting text summarizes extensive evidence documented in the Technical Input Report (TIR): Climate and Energy-Water-Land System Interactions: Technical Report to the U.S. Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment.552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 Technical input reports (59) on a wide range of topics were also received and reviewed as part of the Federal Register Notice solicitation for public input. \r\nSynthesis and Assessment Product 2.1 of the Climate Change Science Program,6ac1aea5-6b76-46e1-822e-664cb3d11e9a which informed the prior National Climate Assessment,e251f590-177e-4ba6-8ed1-6f68b5e54c8a describes relationships among different future mixtures of energy sources, and associated radiative forcing of climate change, as a context for evaluating emissions mitigation options.\r\nEnergy, water, and land linkages represent constraints, risks, and opportunities for private/public planning and investment decisions. There are evolving water and land requirements for four energy technologies: natural gas from shale,2af3709d-81eb-48b7-9183-afc6c27015ea solar power,3d273a88-b8b4-48dc-ac84-8d7c3ae7db3e biofuels,9e8af8e6-bbef-489d-b963-dc7c8d3972a3,8770e028-6f1d-4d2d-887b-f8a3a033b3d0 and carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS).0ffe8043-c4c5-43aa-b3c9-8c80e143c582 Each of these four technologies could contribute to reducing U.S. emissions of greenhouse gases. These technologies illustrate energy, water, and land linkages and other complexities for the design, planning, and deployment of our energy future.\r\nEvidence for energy production and use are derived from U.S. government reports.70a7ccad-a525-412e-8572-325814906b45,e6d73a34-70a6-4cd0-a629-a3e7dd394e65 The contributions of hydraulic fracturing to natural gas production are based on a brief article by the Energy Information Administration2af3709d-81eb-48b7-9183-afc6c27015ea and a primer by the U.S. Department of Energy.7fbbe803-8d4a-479d-8720-920585f24743 Information about water and energy demands for utility-scale solar power facilities is derived from two major DOE reports.3d273a88-b8b4-48dc-ac84-8d7c3ae7db3e,b80498ce-9f36-4afb-a060-8716331b2041 Distribution of U.S. solar energy resources is from Web-based products of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (http://www.nrel.gov/gis/). On biofuels, there are government data on the scale of biomass-based energy,2af3709d-81eb-48b7-9183-afc6c27015ea and studies on water and land requirements and other social and environmental aspects.9e8af8e6-bbef-489d-b963-dc7c8d3972a3,8770e028-6f1d-4d2d-887b-f8a3a033b3d0 \r\n" href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/water-energy-land-use/finding/energy-dependence-on-land-water.yaml identifier: energy-dependence-on-land-water ordinal: 2 process: "The authors met for a one-day face-to-face meeting, and held teleconferences approximately weekly from March through August 2012. They considered a variety of technical input documents, including a Technical Input Report prepared through an interagency process,552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 and 59 other reports submitted through the Federal Register Notice request for public input. The key messages were selected based on expert judgment, derived from the set of examples assembled to demonstrate the character and consequences of interactions among the energy, water, and land resource sectors.\r\n" report_identifier: nca3 statement: 'The dependence of energy systems on land and water supplies will influence the development of these systems and options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, as well as their climate change vulnerability.' uncertainties: 'There are no major uncertainties regarding this key message. Progress in development and deployment of the energy technologies described has tended to follow a pattern: potential constraints arise because of dependence on water and land resources, but then these constraints motivate advances in technology to reduced dependence or result in adjustments of societal priorities. There are uncertainties in how energy systems’ dependence on water will be limited by other resources, such as land; uncertainties about the effects on emissions and the development and deployment of future energy technologies; and uncertainties about the impacts of climate change on energy systems.' uri: /report/nca3/chapter/water-energy-land-use/finding/energy-dependence-on-land-water url: ~ - chapter_identifier: water-energy-land-use confidence: 'Given the evidence base and remaining uncertainties, confidence is high. The primary limitation on confidence assigned to this key message is with respect to the explicit knowledge of the unique characteristics of each region with regards to impacts of climate change on energy, water, land, and the interactions among these sectors.' evidence: "The key message and supporting text summarizes extensive evidence documented in the Technical Input Report (TIR): Climate and Energy-Water-Land System Interactions: Technical Report to the U.S. Department of Energy in Support of the National Climate Assessment.552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 Technical input reports (59) on a wide range of topics were also received and reviewed as part of the Federal Register Notice solicitation for public input. \r\nInteractions among energy, water, and land resource sectors can lead to stakeholder concerns that shape options for reducing vulnerability and thus for adapting to climate change. The Columbia River System provides a good example of an area where risks, vulnerabilities, and opportunities are being jointly considered.429802a3-633d-447c-874c-250ae4ee0003,44b0f546-726b-4abb-9163-a09f0b893dc0 The 2011 Mississippi basin flooding, which shut down substations, provides another example of the interactions of energy, water, and land systems (Ch. 3: Water). For all multi-use river basins, understanding the combined vulnerability of energy, water, and land use to climate change is essential to planning for water management and climate change adaptation. \r\n" href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/water-energy-land-use/finding/joint-energy-water-land-consideration.yaml identifier: joint-energy-water-land-consideration ordinal: 3 process: "The authors met for a one-day face-to-face meeting, and held teleconferences approximately weekly from March through August 2012. They considered a variety of technical input documents, including a Technical Input Report prepared through an interagency process,552cc5f5-a7b3-4a64-8bee-98ae0cced150 and 59 other reports submitted through the Federal Register Notice request for public input. The key messages were selected based on expert judgment, derived from the set of examples assembled to demonstrate the character and consequences of interactions among the energy, water, and land resource sectors.\r\n" report_identifier: nca3 statement: 'Jointly considering risks, vulnerabilities, and opportunities associated with energy, water, and land use is challenging, but can improve the identification and evaluation of options for reducing climate change impacts.' uncertainties: 'There are no major uncertainties regarding this key message; however, it is highly uncertain the extent to which local, state and national policies will impact options to reduce vulnerability to climate change.' uri: /report/nca3/chapter/water-energy-land-use/finding/joint-energy-water-land-consideration url: ~