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caption: 'Hydraulic fracturing, a drilling method used to retrieve deep reservoirs of natural gas, uses large quantities of water, sand, and chemicals that are injected at high pressure into horizontally-drilled wells as deep as 10,000 feet below Earth’s surface. The pressurized mixture causes the rock layer to crack. Sand particles hold the fissures open so that natural gas from the shale can flow into the well. Questions about the water quantity necessary for this extraction method as well as the potential to affect water quality have produced national debate. (Figure source: NOAA NCDC).'
chapter:
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  display_name: 'Chapter 10: Energy, Water, and Land Use'
  doi: 10.7930/J0JW8BSF
  identifier: water-energy-land-use
  number: 10
  report_identifier: nca3
  sort_key: 100
  title: 'Energy, Water, and Land Use'
  url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/energy-water-and-land
chapter_identifier: water-energy-land-use
cited_by: []
contributors:
  - display_name: 'Lead Author : Kathy Hibbard (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) '
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      display_name: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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      url: http://www.pnnl.gov/
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    person:
      display_name: Kathy Hibbard
      first_name: Kathy
      id: 831
      last_name: Hibbard
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      orcid: 0000-0003-2278-4064
      type: person
      url: http://www.pnnl.gov/science/staff/staff_info.asp?staff_num=7439
    person_id: 831
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    role_type_identifier: lead_author
    uri: /contributor/2574
create_dt: 2013-11-21T19:55:33
description: 'Hydraulic fracturing, a drilling method used to retrieve deep reservoirs of natural gas, uses large quantities of water, sand, and chemicals that are injected at high pressure into horizontally-drilled wells as deep as 10,000 feet below Earth’s surface. The pressurized mixture causes the rock layer to crack. Sand particles hold the fissures open so that natural gas from the shale can flow into the well. Questions about the water quantity necessary for this extraction method as well as the potential to affect water quality have produced national debate. (Figure source: NOAA NCDC).'
display_name: '10.7: Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Use'
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href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/water-energy-land-use/figure/hydraulic-fracturing-and-water-use.yaml
identifier: hydraulic-fracturing-and-water-use
images:
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    create_dt: 2013-11-21T19:55:33
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    title: Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Use
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ordinal: 7
parents: []
references: []
report:
  display_name: 'Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment'
report_identifier: nca3
source_citation: NOAA NCDC
submission_dt: ~
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title: Hydraulic Fracturing and Water Use
type: figure
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