--- - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Bai, Xuezhi\rWang, Jia" DOI: 10.2166/wqrjc.2012.009 ISSN: 1201-3080 Issue: 3-4 Journal: 'Water Quality Research Journal of Canada ' Pages: 421–435 Title: 'Atmospheric teleconnection patterns associated with severe and mild ice cover on the Great Lakes, 1963–2011' Volume: 47 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","RG 3 Midwest","Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 4555 _uuid: 334caaf0-faab-4f7f-8086-c1b216a3b371 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.2166/wqrjc.2012.009 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/334caaf0-faab-4f7f-8086-c1b216a3b371.yaml identifier: 334caaf0-faab-4f7f-8086-c1b216a3b371 uri: /reference/334caaf0-faab-4f7f-8086-c1b216a3b371 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: "Karl, T.R.\rMeehl, G.A.\rPeterson, T.C.\rKunkel, K.E.\rGutowski, W.J., Jr.\rEasterling, D.R." Book Title: 'Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate. Regions of Focus: North America, Hawaii, Caribbean, and US Pacific Islands. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research' Editor: "Karl, T.R.\rMeehl, G.A.\rMiller, C.D.\rHassol, S.J.\rWaple, A.M.\rMurray, W.L." Pages: 164 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Reviewer: 3a244268-5014-4ad9-943a-c3361454c25b Title: Executive Summary URL: http://library.globalchange.gov/sap-3-3-weather-and-climate-extremes-in-a-changing-climate Year: 2008 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 677 _uuid: 3a244268-5014-4ad9-943a-c3361454c25b reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/ccsp-sap-3_3-2008 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/3a244268-5014-4ad9-943a-c3361454c25b.yaml identifier: 3a244268-5014-4ad9-943a-c3361454c25b uri: /reference/3a244268-5014-4ad9-943a-c3361454c25b - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Gruber, N.\rC. Hauri\rZ. Lachkar\rD. Loher\rT.L. Frölicher\rG.K. Plattner" DOI: 10.1126/science.1216773 ISSN: 0036-8075 Issue: 6091 Journal: Science Pages: 220-223 Title: Rapid progression of ocean acidification in the California Current System URL: http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6091/220.short Volume: 337 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 1368 _uuid: 3a3c7408-89fa-417a-81c3-0345de986cb0 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1216773 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/3a3c7408-89fa-417a-81c3-0345de986cb0.yaml identifier: 3a3c7408-89fa-417a-81c3-0345de986cb0 uri: /reference/3a3c7408-89fa-417a-81c3-0345de986cb0 - attrs: .publisher: American Meteorological Society .reference_type: 0 Access Date: 2013/10/15 Author: "Gregory, J. M.\rWhite, N. J.\rChurch, J. A.\rBierkens, M. F. P.\rBox, J. E.\rvan den Broeke, M. R.\rCogley, J. G.\rFettweis, X.\rHanna, E.\rHuybrechts, P.\rKonikow, L. F.\rLeclercq, P. W.\rMarzeion, B.\rOerlemans, J.\rTamisiea, M. E.\rWada, Y.\rWake, L. M.\rvan de Wal, R. S. W." DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00319.1 Date: 2013/07/01 ISSN: 0894-8755 Issue: 13 Journal: Journal of Climate Pages: 4476-4499 Title: 'Twentieth-century global-mean sea level rise: Is the whole greater than the sum of the parts?' URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00319.1 Volume: 26 Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 4363 _uuid: 3c8f9e8c-b044-4a3b-9680-cafc0b40e117 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00319.1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/3c8f9e8c-b044-4a3b-9680-cafc0b40e117.yaml identifier: 3c8f9e8c-b044-4a3b-9680-cafc0b40e117 uri: /reference/3c8f9e8c-b044-4a3b-9680-cafc0b40e117 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'We compare global-scale changes in satellite estimates of the temperature of the lower troposphere (TLT) with model simulations of forced and unforced TLT changes. While previous work has focused on a single period of record, we select analysis timescales ranging from 10 to 32 years, and then compare all possible observed TLT trends on each timescale with corresponding multi-model distributions of forced and unforced trends. We use observed estimates of the signal component of TLT changes and model estimates of climate noise to calculate timescale-dependent signal-to-noise ratios (S/N). These ratios are small (less than 1) on the 10-year timescale, increasing to more than 3.9 for 32-year trends. This large change in S/N is primarily due to a decrease in the amplitude of internally generated variability with increasing trend length. Because of the pronounced effect of interannual noise on decadal trends, a multi-model ensemble of anthropogenically-forced simulations displays many 10-year periods with little warming. A single decade of observational TLT data is therefore inadequate for identifying a slowly evolving anthropogenic warming signal. Our results show that temperature records of at least 17 years in length are required for identifying human effects on global-mean tropospheric temperature. ' Author: "Santer, B.D.\rMears, C.\rDoutriaux, C.\rCaldwell, P.\rGleckler, P.J.\rWigley, T.M.L\rSolomon, S.\rGillett, N.P.\rIvanova, D.\rKarl, T.R.\rJ. R. Lanzante\rG. A. Meehl\rP. A. Stott\rK. E. Taylor\rP. W. Thorne\rM. F. Wehner\rF. J. Wentz" DOI: 10.1029/2011JD016263 ISSN: 0148-0227 Issue: D22105 Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research Pages: 1-19 Title: 'Separating signal and noise in atmospheric temperature changes: The importance of timescale' URL: http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/18383638/1244615018/name/2011JD016263.pdf Volume: 116 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 2744 _uuid: 3ce3977a-7902-4276-9f6c-17dc3f121c17 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1029/2011JD016263 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/3ce3977a-7902-4276-9f6c-17dc3f121c17.yaml identifier: 3ce3977a-7902-4276-9f6c-17dc3f121c17 uri: /reference/3ce3977a-7902-4276-9f6c-17dc3f121c17 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Increases in key measures of Atlantic hurricane activity over recent decades are believed to reflect, in large part, contemporaneous increases in tropical Atlantic warmth [e.g., Emanuel, 2005]. Some recent studies [e.g., Goldenberg et al., 2001] have attributed these increases to a natural climate cycle termed the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), while other studies suggest that climate change may instead be playing the dominant role [Emanuel, 2005; Webster et al., 2005]. ; ; Using a formal statistical analysis to separate the estimated influences of anthropogenic climate change from possible natural cyclical influences, this article presents results indicating that anthropogenic factors are likely responsible for long-term trends in tropical Atlantic warmth and tropical cyclone activity. In addition, this analysis indicates that late twentieth century tropospheric aerosol cooling has offset a substantial fraction of anthropogenic warming in the region and has thus likely suppressed even greater potential increases in tropical cyclone activity.; ' Author: "Mann, M.E.\rK.A. Emanuel" DOI: 10.1029/2006EO240001 ISSN: 0096-3941 Issue: 24 Journal: 'Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union' Pages: 233-244 Title: Atlantic hurricane trends linked to climate change URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2006EO240001/pdf Volume: 87 Year: 2006 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 1866 _uuid: 3f236ffc-bac8-4ab7-8207-66d3c64e2dc6 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1029/2006EO240001 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/3f236ffc-bac8-4ab7-8207-66d3c64e2dc6.yaml identifier: 3f236ffc-bac8-4ab7-8207-66d3c64e2dc6 uri: /reference/3f236ffc-bac8-4ab7-8207-66d3c64e2dc6 - attrs: .publisher: Copernicus Publications .reference_type: 0 Author: "Rogers, T. S.\rWalsh, J. E.\rRupp, T. S.\rBrigham, L. W.\rSfraga, M." DOI: 10.5194/tc-7-321-2013 ISSN: 1994-0424 Issue: 1 Journal: The Cryosphere Notes: TC Pages: 321-332 Title: 'Future Arctic marine access: Analysis and evaluation of observations, models, and projections of sea ice' URL: http://www.the-cryosphere.net/7/321/2013/tc-7-321-2013.pdf Volume: 7 Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 3743 _uuid: 3f2b5aa2-9b95-497e-8129-bab2c0d10207 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.5194/tc-7-321-2013 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/3f2b5aa2-9b95-497e-8129-bab2c0d10207.yaml identifier: 3f2b5aa2-9b95-497e-8129-bab2c0d10207 uri: /reference/3f2b5aa2-9b95-497e-8129-bab2c0d10207 - attrs: .publisher: American Meteorological Society .reference_type: 0 Access Date: 2013/07/24 Author: "Torn, Ryan D.\rSnyder, Chris" DOI: 10.1175/waf-d-11-00085.1 Date: 2012/06/01 ISSN: 0882-8156 Issue: 3 Journal: Weather and Forecasting Pages: 715-729 Title: Uncertainty of tropical cyclone best-track information URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/WAF-D-11-00085.1 Volume: 27 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","RF 2"]' _record_number: 3762 _uuid: 3f91d410-eb5a-4673-8ea2-37ab3a9e0ce2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/waf-d-11-00085.1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/3f91d410-eb5a-4673-8ea2-37ab3a9e0ce2.yaml identifier: 3f91d410-eb5a-4673-8ea2-37ab3a9e0ce2 uri: /reference/3f91d410-eb5a-4673-8ea2-37ab3a9e0ce2 - attrs: .publisher: American Meteorological Society .reference_type: 0 Access Date: 2013/07/24 Author: "Held, Isaac M.\rSoden, Brian J." DOI: 10.1175/jcli3990.1 Date: 2006/11/01 ISSN: 0894-8755 Issue: 21 Journal: Journal of Climate Pages: 5686-5699 Title: Robust responses of the hydrological cycle to global warming URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/JCLI3990.1 Volume: 19 Year: 2006 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 3759 _uuid: 41179597-b78d-4a37-a639-759dc06a3baa reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/jcli3990.1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/41179597-b78d-4a37-a639-759dc06a3baa.yaml identifier: 41179597-b78d-4a37-a639-759dc06a3baa uri: /reference/41179597-b78d-4a37-a639-759dc06a3baa - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Fall, S.\rD. Niyogi\rA. Gluhovsky\rPielke, R.A., Sr.\rE. Kalnay\rG. Rochon" DOI: 10.1002/joc.1996 ISSN: 1097-0088 Issue: 13 Journal: International Journal of Climatology Pages: 1980-1993 Title: 'Impacts of land use land cover on temperature trends over the continental United States: Assessment using the North American Regional Reanalysis' URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/joc.1996/pdf Volume: 30 Year: 2010 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 918 _uuid: 42b449ef-418d-4f0c-8e9c-9f5c16fc2367 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1002/joc.1996 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/42b449ef-418d-4f0c-8e9c-9f5c16fc2367.yaml identifier: 42b449ef-418d-4f0c-8e9c-9f5c16fc2367 uri: /reference/42b449ef-418d-4f0c-8e9c-9f5c16fc2367 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: 'Trenberth, K.E.' DOI: 10.3354/cr00953 ISSN: 0936-577X Issue: 1-2 Journal: Climate Research Pages: 123-138 Title: Changes in precipitation with climate change Volume: 47 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 9: Human Health FINAL","Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Overview"]' _record_number: 3088 _uuid: 43d596ef-081b-4929-92fe-a1fb4e41b16f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.3354/cr00953 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/43d596ef-081b-4929-92fe-a1fb4e41b16f.yaml identifier: 43d596ef-081b-4929-92fe-a1fb4e41b16f uri: /reference/43d596ef-081b-4929-92fe-a1fb4e41b16f - attrs: .publisher: Nature Publishing Group .reference_type: 0 Author: "Vecchi, Gabriel A.\rSoden, Brian J." DOI: 10.1038/nature06423 Date: December 13 2007 ISSN: 0028-0836 Issue: 7172 Journal: Nature Pages: 1066-1070 Title: Effect of remote sea surface temperature change on tropical cyclone potential intensity Volume: 450 Year: 2007 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","RF 2"]' _record_number: 4622 _uuid: 466671ca-3c13-4e99-ba8a-7f0ef85d6b6e reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nature06423 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/466671ca-3c13-4e99-ba8a-7f0ef85d6b6e.yaml identifier: 466671ca-3c13-4e99-ba8a-7f0ef85d6b6e uri: /reference/466671ca-3c13-4e99-ba8a-7f0ef85d6b6e - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Previous analyses of sea level pressure (SLP) trends have often focused on boreal winter trends. Here we demonstrate that externally-forced SLP trends are observed in all four seasons, with simulated and observed decreases in SLP at high latitudes and increases elsewhere. We find that the observed pattern of seasonal mean zonal mean SLP changes is inconsistent with simulated internal variability, and we detect anthropogenic influence independently of natural influence on SLP. When we divide the globe into the mid- and high-latitude regions of both hemispheres and the tropics and subtropics, we find that external influence is only detectable in the low-latitude region, where models and observations show increasing trends in SLP, and where internal variability is low, and not in the mid- and high-latitude regions of either hemisphere. Low-latitude increases in SLP, which are significant compared to internal variability, but which have previously received little attention, could have important regional climate impacts. ' Author: "Gillett, N.P.\rStott, P.A." DOI: 10.1029/2009GL041269 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 23 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Pages: L23709 Title: Attribution of anthropogenic influence on seasonal sea level pressure URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2009GL041269/pdf Volume: 36 Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]' _record_number: 137 _uuid: 4693d80b-2e2f-4a8c-8fca-bfe353270894 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1029/2009GL041269 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/4693d80b-2e2f-4a8c-8fca-bfe353270894.yaml identifier: 4693d80b-2e2f-4a8c-8fca-bfe353270894 uri: /reference/4693d80b-2e2f-4a8c-8fca-bfe353270894 - attrs: .publisher: American Meteorological Society .reference_type: 0 Access Date: 2013/10/15 Author: "Landsea, Christopher W.\rFranklin, James L." DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1 Date: 2013/10/01 ISSN: 0027-0644 Issue: 10 Journal: Monthly Weather Review Pages: 3576-3592 Title: Atlantic hurricane database uncertainty and presentation of a new database format URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1 Volume: 141 Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","RF 2"]' _record_number: 4357 _uuid: 48136420-d729-4a95-b74d-0e8c58327b6d reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/MWR-D-12-00254.1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/48136420-d729-4a95-b74d-0e8c58327b6d.yaml identifier: 48136420-d729-4a95-b74d-0e8c58327b6d uri: /reference/48136420-d729-4a95-b74d-0e8c58327b6d - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'The severity of damaging human-induced climate change depends not only on the magnitude of the change but also on the potential for irreversibility. This paper shows that the climate change that takes place due to increases in carbon dioxide concentration is largely irreversible for 1,000 years after emissions stop. Following cessation of emissions, removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide decreases radiative forcing, but is largely compensated by slower loss of heat to the ocean, so that atmospheric temperatures do not drop significantly for at least 1,000 years. Among illustrative irreversible impacts that should be expected if atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations increase from current levels near 385 parts per million by volume (ppmv) to a peak of 450–600 ppmv over the coming century are irreversible dry-season rainfall reductions in several regions comparable to those of the “dust bowl” era and inexorable sea level rise. Thermal expansion of the warming ocean provides a conservative lower limit to irreversible global average sea level rise of at least 0.4–1.0 m if 21st century CO2 concentrations exceed 600 ppmv and 0.6–1.9 m for peak CO2 concentrations exceeding ≈1,000 ppmv. Additional contributions from glaciers and ice sheet contributions to future sea level rise are uncertain but may equal or exceed several meters over the next millennium or longer.' Author: "Solomon, Susan\rPlattner, Gian-Kasper\rKnutti, Reto\rFriedlingstein, Pierre" DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812721106 Date: 'January 28, 2009' Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Title: Irreversible climate change due to carbon dioxide emissions URL: http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2009/01/28/0812721106.full.pdf+html Year: 2009 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 4362 _uuid: 4829a603-9873-4e81-8c2c-8d32f1d0f3bf reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1073/pnas.0812721106 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/4829a603-9873-4e81-8c2c-8d32f1d0f3bf.yaml identifier: 4829a603-9873-4e81-8c2c-8d32f1d0f3bf uri: /reference/4829a603-9873-4e81-8c2c-8d32f1d0f3bf - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Matthews, H. D.\rZickfeld, K." DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1424 Issue: 5 Journal: Nature Climate Change Pages: 338-341 Title: Climate response to zeroed emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols URL: http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v2/n5/full/nclimate1424.html Volume: 2 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]' _record_number: 1909 _uuid: 49946c46-db1b-46c9-b65f-f9fe1e0935d7 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1038/nclimate1424 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/49946c46-db1b-46c9-b65f-f9fe1e0935d7.yaml identifier: 49946c46-db1b-46c9-b65f-f9fe1e0935d7 uri: /reference/49946c46-db1b-46c9-b65f-f9fe1e0935d7 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Degu, Ahmed Mohamed\rHossain, Faisal\rNiyogi, Dev\rPielke, Roger, Sr.\rShepherd, J. Marshall\rVoisin, Nathalie\rChronis, Themis" DOI: 10.1029/2010gl046482 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 4 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: "large dams\rartificial reservoirs\rclimate\rprecipitation\rreanalysis\r1632 Land cover change\r1808 Dams\r1817 Extreme events\r1807 Climate impacts\r1804 Catchment" Pages: L04405 Title: The influence of large dams on surrounding climate and precipitation patterns URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2010GL046482/pdf Volume: 38 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 3714 _uuid: 4a4eb060-31d3-412f-89b2-228f03d21757 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1029/2010gl046482 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/4a4eb060-31d3-412f-89b2-228f03d21757.yaml identifier: 4a4eb060-31d3-412f-89b2-228f03d21757 uri: /reference/4a4eb060-31d3-412f-89b2-228f03d21757 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Author: "Seneviratne, S.I.\rN. Nicholls\rD. Easterling\rC.M. Goodess\rS. Kanae\rJ. Kossin\rY. Luo\rJ. Marengo\rK. McInnes\rM. Rahimi\rM. Reichstein\rA. Sorteberg\rC. Vera\rX. Zhang" Book Title: Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Editor: "Field, C.B.\rV. Barros\rT.F. Stocker\rQ. Dahe\rD.J. Dokken\rK.L. Ebi\rM.D. Mastrandrea\rK.J. Mach\rG.-K. Plattner\rS.K. Allen\rM. Tignor\rP.M. Midgley" ISBN: 978-1-107-02506-6 Pages: 109-230 Place Published: 'Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA' Publisher: Cambridge University Press Reviewer: 5138b20c-7049-433e-a1ec-24417cccd3c2 Title: 'Ch. 3: Changes in climate extremes and their impacts on the natural physical environment' Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 25: Coastal Zone FINAL","RG 10 Coasts","Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Ch. 23: Hawaii FINAL"]' _record_number: 2812 _uuid: 5138b20c-7049-433e-a1ec-24417cccd3c2 reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/ipcc-srex href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/5138b20c-7049-433e-a1ec-24417cccd3c2.yaml identifier: 5138b20c-7049-433e-a1ec-24417cccd3c2 uri: /reference/5138b20c-7049-433e-a1ec-24417cccd3c2 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Trenberth, Kevin E.\rFasullo, John T." DOI: 10.1029/2012JD018020 ISSN: 2156-2202 Issue: D17 Journal: 'Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres' Keywords: "ENSO\rRussian heat wave\rclimate change\rclimate extremes\rsea surface temperatures\rteleconnections\r1610 Atmosphere\r1620 Climate dynamics\r1637 Regional climate change\r3305 Climate change and variability\r3319 General circulation" Pages: D17103 Title: 'Climate extremes and climate change: The Russian heat wave and other climate extremes of 2010' URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012JD018020/pdf Volume: 117 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 4352 _uuid: 526045c4-5a6d-4692-9fb0-2e0faf669ef8 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1029/2012JD018020 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/526045c4-5a6d-4692-9fb0-2e0faf669ef8.yaml identifier: 526045c4-5a6d-4692-9fb0-2e0faf669ef8 uri: /reference/526045c4-5a6d-4692-9fb0-2e0faf669ef8 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'Remobilization to the atmosphere of only a small fraction of the methane held in East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) sediments could trigger abrupt climate warming, yet it is believed that sub-sea permafrost acts as a lid to keep this shallow methane reservoir in place. Here, we show that more than 5000 at-sea observations of dissolved methane demonstrates that greater than 80% of ESAS bottom waters and greater than 50% of surface waters are supersaturated with methane regarding to the atmosphere. The current atmospheric venting flux, which is composed of a diffusive component and a gradual ebullition component, is on par with previous estimates of methane venting from the entire World Ocean. Leakage of methane through shallow ESAS waters needs to be considered in interactions between the biogeosphere and a warming Arctic climate. ' Author: "Shakhova, N.\rSemiletov, I.\rSalyuk, A.\rJoussupov, V.\rKosmach, D.\rGustafsson, O." DOI: 10.1126/science.1182221 Issue: 5970 Journal: Science Pages: 1246-1250 Title: Extensive methane venting to the atmosphere from sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Volume: 327 Year: 2010 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 2824 _uuid: 52e2eef0-87f8-45a4-b220-32bcf5ec602f reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1182221 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/52e2eef0-87f8-45a4-b220-32bcf5ec602f.yaml identifier: 52e2eef0-87f8-45a4-b220-32bcf5ec602f uri: /reference/52e2eef0-87f8-45a4-b220-32bcf5ec602f