--- - attrs: .reference_type: 32 Author: "Kunkel, K.E.\rStevens, L.E.\rStevens, S.E.\rSun, L.\rJanssen, E.\rWuebbles, D.\rDobson, J.G." Pages: 85 Place Published: 'Washington, D.C.' Publisher: 'National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service' Title: 'Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 9. Climate of the Contiguous United States. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 142-9' URL: http://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/technical_reports/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-9-Climate_of_the_Contiguous_United_States.pdf Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Appendix 5: Scenarios FINAL","Ch. 14: Rural Communities FINAL","Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Ch. 6: Agriculture FINAL","Ch. 5: Transportation FINAL","Ch. 4: Energy Supply and Use FINAL","Appendix 4: FAQs FINAL","Ch. 0: Intro Regions FINAL","Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL","Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]' _record_number: 1416 _uuid: 0ebef171-4903-4aa6-b436-2936da69f84e reftype: Government Document child_publication: /report/noaa-techreport-nesdis-142-9 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/0ebef171-4903-4aa6-b436-2936da69f84e.yaml identifier: 0ebef171-4903-4aa6-b436-2936da69f84e uri: /reference/0ebef171-4903-4aa6-b436-2936da69f84e - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Balan Sarojini, Beena\rStott, Peter A.\rBlack, Emily\rPolson, Debbie" DOI: 10.1029/2012GL053373 ISSN: 1944-8007 Issue: 21 Journal: Geophysical Research Letters Keywords: "anthropogenic climate change\rdetection and attribution\rglobal climate models\robservations\rprecipitation\r1626 Global climate models\r1635 Oceans\r1637 Regional climate change\r1655 Water cycles\r1854 Precipitation" Pages: L21706 Title: Fingerprints of changes in annual and seasonal precipitation from CMIP5 models over land and ocean URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012GL053373/pdf Volume: 39 Year: 2012 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 4687 _uuid: 32f3d1fd-faa0-402a-b55c-6560b851c487 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1029/2012GL053373 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/32f3d1fd-faa0-402a-b55c-6560b851c487.yaml identifier: 32f3d1fd-faa0-402a-b55c-6560b851c487 uri: /reference/32f3d1fd-faa0-402a-b55c-6560b851c487 - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Abstract: 'A new homogeneous climate division monthly precipitation dataset [based on full network estimated precipitation (FNEP)] was created as an alternative to the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) climate division dataset. These alternative climate division monthly precipitation values were estimated using an equal-weighted average of Cooperative Observer Program stations that contained serially complete time series. Missing station observations were estimated by a procedure that was optimized through testing on U.S.; Historical Climate Network stations. Inhomogeneities in the NCDC dataset arise from two principal causes. The pre-1931 estimation of NCDC climate division monthly precipitation from statewide averages led to a significant time series discontinuity in several climate divisions. From 1931 to the present, NCDC climate division averages have been calculated from a subset of available station data within each climate division, and temporal changes in the location of available stations have caused artificial changes in the time series. The; FNEP climate division dataset is recommended over theNCDCdataset for studies involving climate trends or long-term climate variability. According to the FNEP data, the 1895–2009 linear precipitation trend is positive across most of the United States, and trends exceed 10% per century across the southern plains and the Corn Belt. Remaining inhomogeneities from changes in gauge technology and station location may be responsible for an artificial trend of 1%–3% per century. ' Author: "McRoberts, D.B.\rJ.W. Nielsen-Gammon" DOI: 10.1175/2010JAMC2626.1 ISSN: 1558-8424 Issue: 6 Journal: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology Pages: 1187-1199 Title: A new homogenized climate division precipitation dataset for analysis of climate variability and climate change URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2010JAMC2626.1 Volume: 50 Year: 2011 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 1970 _uuid: 5651d034-614a-4dba-ad5c-799de4507886 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/2010JAMC2626.1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/5651d034-614a-4dba-ad5c-799de4507886.yaml identifier: 5651d034-614a-4dba-ad5c-799de4507886 uri: /reference/5651d034-614a-4dba-ad5c-799de4507886 - attrs: .publisher: American Meteorological Society .reference_type: 0 Access Date: 2013/10/15 Author: "Vose, Russell S.\rApplequist, Scott\rBourassa, Mark A.\rPryor, Sara C.\rBarthelmie, Rebecca J.\rBlanton, Brian\rBromirski, Peter D.\rBrooks, Harold E.\rDeGaetano, Arthur T.\rDole, Randall M.\rEasterling, David R.\rJensen, Robert E.\rKarl, Thomas R.\rKatz, Richard W.\rKlink, Katherine\rKruk, Michael C.\rKunkel, Kenneth E.\rMacCracken, Michael C.\rPeterson, Thomas C.\rShein, Karsten\rThomas, Bridget R.\rWalsh, John E.\rWang, Xiaolan L.\rWehner, Michael F.\rWuebbles, Donald J.\rYoung, Robert S." DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00162.1 ISSN: 0003-0007 Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Title: 'Monitoring and understanding changes in extremes: Extratropical storms, winds, and waves' URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00162.1 Volume: in press Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","RF 2","Ch. 4: Energy Supply and Use FINAL","Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]' _record_number: 4375 _uuid: 596a7f1e-6ce5-4bdf-b144-d0715a7567bd reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00162.1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/596a7f1e-6ce5-4bdf-b144-d0715a7567bd.yaml identifier: 596a7f1e-6ce5-4bdf-b144-d0715a7567bd uri: /reference/596a7f1e-6ce5-4bdf-b144-d0715a7567bd - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Kunkel, K.E.\rKarl, T.R.\rBrooks, H.\rKossin, J.\rLawrimore, J.\rArndt, D.\rBosart, L.\rChangnon, D.\rCutter, S.L.\rDoesken, N.\rEmanuel, K. \rGroisman, P.Ya.\rKatz, R.W.\rKnutson, T.\rO’Brien, J.\rPaciorek, C. J.\rPeterson, T. C.\rRedmond, K.\rRobinson, D.\rTrapp, J.\rVose, R.\rWeaver, S.\rWehner, M.\rWolter, K.\rWuebbles, D." DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00262.1 Date: April 2013 Issue: 4 Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Title: 'Monitoring and understanding trends in extreme storms: State of knowledge' URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00262.1 Volume: 94 Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","RF 2","Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]' _record_number: 1129 _uuid: b37557ac-ee97-4c28-98ca-4f1f1afe163b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00262.1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/b37557ac-ee97-4c28-98ca-4f1f1afe163b.yaml identifier: b37557ac-ee97-4c28-98ca-4f1f1afe163b uri: /reference/b37557ac-ee97-4c28-98ca-4f1f1afe163b - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Wuebbles, D.J.\rG. Meehl\rK. Hayhoe\rT. R. Karl\rK. Kunkel\rB. Santer\rM. Wehner\rB. Colle\rE. M. Fischer\rR. Fu\rA. Goodman\rE. Janssen\rH. Lee\rW. Li\rL. N. Long\rS. Olsen\rA.J. Sheffield\rL. Sun" DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00172.1 ISSN: '1520-0477 ' Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Title: 'CMIP5 climate model analyses: Climate extremes in the United States' URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00172.1 Volume: in press Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 3493 _uuid: b91893b4-24a8-46ba-b09a-013d462caf1b reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00172.1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/b91893b4-24a8-46ba-b09a-013d462caf1b.yaml identifier: b91893b4-24a8-46ba-b09a-013d462caf1b uri: /reference/b91893b4-24a8-46ba-b09a-013d462caf1b - attrs: .reference_type: 0 Author: "Peterson, T. C.\rHeim, R. R. \rHirsch, R.\rKaiser, D. P. \rBrooks, H.\rDiffenbaugh, N. S.\rDole, R. M.\rGiovannettone, J. P.\rGuirguis, K.\rKarl, T. R.\rKatz, Richard W.\rKunkel, K.\rLettenmaier, D.\rMcCabe, G. J.\rPaciorek, C. J.\rRyberg, K. R.\rSchubert, S.\rSilva, V. B. S.\rStewart, Brooke C.\rVecchia, A. V.\rVillarini, G.\rVose, R. S.\rWalsh, John\rWehner, M.\rWolock, D.\rWolter, K.\rWoodhouse, C. A.\rWuebbles, D." DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00066.1 Date: June 2013 Issue: 6 Journal: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pages: 821-834 Title: 'Monitoring and understanding changes in heat waves, cold waves, floods and droughts in the United States: State of knowledge' URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00066.1 Volume: 94 Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","RF 2","Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL","Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL","Ch. 18: Midwest FINAL"]' _record_number: 2477 _uuid: e15600d0-290f-44e2-9b58-9ffd295ee6d2 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00066.1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/e15600d0-290f-44e2-9b58-9ffd295ee6d2.yaml identifier: e15600d0-290f-44e2-9b58-9ffd295ee6d2 uri: /reference/e15600d0-290f-44e2-9b58-9ffd295ee6d2 - attrs: .publisher: American Meteorological Society .reference_type: 0 Access Date: 2014/02/24 Author: "Polson, Debbie\rHegerl, Gabriele C.\rZhang, Xuebin\rOsborn, Timothy J." DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00474.1 Date: 2013/09/01 ISSN: 0894-8755 Issue: 17 Journal: Journal of Climate Pages: 6679-6697 Title: Causes of robust seasonal land precipitation changes URL: http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00474.1 Volume: 26 Year: 2013 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]' _record_number: 4688 _uuid: e26cd117-a2e4-45c8-acf2-8ea2984a8949 reftype: Journal Article child_publication: /article/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00474.1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/e26cd117-a2e4-45c8-acf2-8ea2984a8949.yaml identifier: e26cd117-a2e4-45c8-acf2-8ea2984a8949 uri: /reference/e26cd117-a2e4-45c8-acf2-8ea2984a8949 - attrs: .reference_type: 7 Accession Number: 45 Author: 'IPCC,' Book Title: 'Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change' Editor: "Solomon, S.\rQin, D.\rManning, M.\rChen, Z.\rMarquis, M.\rAveryt, K.B.\rTignor, M.\rMiller, H.L." ISBN: 9780521880091 Pages: 1-18 Place Published: 'Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA' Publisher: Cambridge University Press Reviewer: f83b5613-7609-4799-ab8c-c2a41bdc924c Title: Summary for Policymakers URL: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-spm.pdf Year: 2007 _chapter: '["Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL","Ch. 23: Hawaii FINAL","Ch. 3: Water Resources FINAL"]' _record_number: 1624 _uuid: f83b5613-7609-4799-ab8c-c2a41bdc924c reftype: Book Section child_publication: /report/ipcc-ar4-wg1 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/f83b5613-7609-4799-ab8c-c2a41bdc924c.yaml identifier: f83b5613-7609-4799-ab8c-c2a41bdc924c uri: /reference/f83b5613-7609-4799-ab8c-c2a41bdc924c