@prefix dcterms: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix gcis: <http://data.globalchange.gov/gcis.owl#> .
@prefix cito: <http://purl.org/spar/cito/> .
@prefix biro: <http://purl.org/spar/biro/> .

<http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/oceans-marine-resources/finding/ocean-acidity-increase-alters-marine>
   dcterms:identifier "ocean-acidity-increase-alters-marine";
   gcis:findingNumber "24.2"^^xsd:string;
   gcis:findingStatement "The ocean currently absorbs about a quarter of human-caused carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere, leading to ocean acidification that will alter marine ecosystems in dramatic yet uncertain ways."^^xsd:string;
   gcis:isFindingOf <http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/oceans-marine-resources>;
   gcis:isFindingOf <http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3>;

## Properties of the finding:
   gcis:findingProcess "A central component of the assessment process was the Oceans and Marine Resources Climate assessment workshop that was held January 23-24, 2012, at the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in Silver Spring, MD, and simultaneously, via web teleconference, at NOAA in Seattle, WA. In the workshop, nearly 30 participants took part in a series of scoping presentations and breakout sessions that began the process leading to a foundational Technical Input Report (TIR) entitled “Oceans and Marine Resources in a Changing Climate: Technical Input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment.” The report, consisting of nearly 220 pages of text organized into 7 sections with numerous subsections and more than 1200 references, was assembled by 122 authors representing governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, tribes, and other entities. \r\nThe chapter author team engaged in multiple technical discussions via teleconferences that permitted a careful review of the foundational TIR and of approximately 25 additional technical inputs provided by the public, as well as the other published literature, and professional judgment. The chapter author team met at Conservation International in Arlington, VA on 3-4 May 2012 for expert deliberation of draft key messages by the authors, wherein each message was defended before the entire author team before the key message was selected for inclusion in the report. These discussions were supported by targeted consultation with additional experts by the lead author of each message to help define “key vulnerabilities.”"^^xsd:string;
   
   gcis:descriptionOfEvidenceBase "The key message is supported by extensive evidence documented in the Oceans Technical Input Report and additional technical inputs received as part of the Federal Register Notice solicitation for public input, as well as stakeholder engagement leading up to drafting the chapter. \r\nNumerous references provide evidence for the increasing acidity (lower pH) of oceans around the world (Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate, Key Message 12). \r\nThere is a rapid growth in peer-reviewed publications describing how ocean acidification will impact ecosystems, but to date evidence is largely based on studies of calcification rather than growth, reproduction, and survival of organisms. For these latter effects, available evidence is from laboratory studies in low pH conditions, rather than in situ observations.\r\n"^^xsd:string;
   
   gcis:assessmentOfConfidenceBasedOnEvidence "Confidence is very high that carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere are causing ocean acidification, and high that this will alter marine ecosystems. The nature of those alterations is unclear, however, and predictions of most specific ecosystem changes have low confidence at present, but with medium confidence for coral reefs."^^xsd:string;
   
   gcis:newInformationAndRemainingUncertainties "The interplay of environmental stressors may result in “surprises” where the synergistic impacts may be more deleterious or more beneficial than expected. Such synergistic effects create complexities in predicting the outcome of the interplay of stressors on marine ecosystems. Many, but not all, calcifying species are affected by increased acidity in laboratory studies. How those responses will cascade through ecosystems and food webs is still uncertain. Although studies are underway to expand understanding of ocean acidification on all aspects of organismal physiology, much remains to be learned. "^^xsd:string;

   a gcis:Finding .

## This finding cites the following entities:


<http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/oceans-marine-resources/finding/ocean-acidity-increase-alters-marine>
   cito:cites <http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01518.x>;
   biro:references <http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/4b235b7f-7d25-4b2f-919d-89c3fa917803>.

<http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/oceans-marine-resources/finding/ocean-acidity-increase-alters-marine>
   cito:cites <http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nrc-oceanacidification-2010>;
   biro:references <http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/a36b4f01-c7d8-493d-b0dc-7f0f04f73b4b>.

<http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/oceans-marine-resources/finding/ocean-acidity-increase-alters-marine>
   cito:cites <http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/10.5670/oceanog.2009.106>;
   biro:references <http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/2f1dcb89-554b-42ed-86bd-2c6e6a5bb27e>.

<http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/oceans-marine-resources/finding/ocean-acidity-increase-alters-marine>
   cito:cites <http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/usgcrp-ti-oceans-marine-2013>;
   biro:references <http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/018aba6e-7bff-4124-ae9a-f2521e683bd1>.

<http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/oceans-marine-resources/finding/ocean-acidity-increase-alters-marine>
   cito:cites <http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/10.5670/oceanog.2009.93>;
   biro:references <http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/e2d475bc-34fd-46f5-9f0a-17cbac654617>.

<http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/oceans-marine-resources/finding/ocean-acidity-increase-alters-marine>
   cito:cites <http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/10.1126/science.1155676>;
   biro:references <http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/c299055a-259d-4bd5-be87-1dbbba4174d4>.

<http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/oceans-marine-resources/finding/ocean-acidity-increase-alters-marine>
   cito:cites <http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/10.1111/gcb.12179>;
   biro:references <http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/d3f2fc9b-6acf-48b0-b5d1-0f8c620e7f35>.