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caption: 'Top panel shows the impact of the alteration of the carbon cycle alone on radiative forcing. The bottom panel shows the impacts of the alteration of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles on radiative forcing. SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> increase aerosols and decrease radiative forcing. NH<sub>3</sub> is likely to increase plant biomass, and consequently decrease forcing. NO<sub>x </sub>is likely to increase the formation of tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and increase radiative forcing. Ozone has a negative effect on plant growth/biomass, which might increase radiative forcing. CO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> act synergistically to increase plant growth, and therefore decrease radiative forcing. SO<sub>2</sub> is likely to reduce plant growth, perhaps through the leaching of soil nutrients, and consequently increase radiative forcing. NO<sub>x </sub>is likely to reduce plant growth directly and through the leaching of soil nutrients, therefore increasing radiative forcing. However, it could act as a fertilizer that would have the opposite effect.'
chapter:
  description: ~
  display_name: 'Chapter 15: Biogeochemical Cycles'
  doi: 10.7930/J0X63JT0
  identifier: biogeochemical-cycles
  number: 15
  report_identifier: nca3
  sort_key: 150
  title: Biogeochemical Cycles
  url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/biogeochemical-cycles
chapter_identifier: biogeochemical-cycles
cited_by: []
contributors:
  - display_name: 'Scientist : James Galloway (University of Virginia) '
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    id: 2532
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      country_code: US
      display_name: University of Virginia
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      name: University of Virginia
      organization_type_identifier: academic
      type: organization
      url: http://www.virginia.edu
    organization_uri: /organization/university-virginia
    person:
      display_name: James Galloway
      first_name: James
      id: 829
      last_name: Galloway
      middle_name: ~
      orcid: 0000-0001-7676-8698
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      url: http://www.evsc.virginia.edu/2008/11/galloway-james-n/
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    role_type_identifier: scientist
    uri: /contributor/2532
create_dt: 2014-03-20T12:07:10
description: 'Top panel shows the impact of the alteration of the carbon cycle alone on radiative forcing. The bottom panel shows the impacts of the alteration of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles on radiative forcing. SO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> increase aerosols and decrease radiative forcing. NH<sub>3</sub> is likely to increase plant biomass, and consequently decrease forcing. NO<sub>x </sub>is likely to increase the formation of tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) and increase radiative forcing. Ozone has a negative effect on plant growth/biomass, which might increase radiative forcing. CO<sub>2</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub> act synergistically to increase plant growth, and therefore decrease radiative forcing. SO<sub>2</sub> is likely to reduce plant growth, perhaps through the leaching of soil nutrients, and consequently increase radiative forcing. NO<sub>x </sub>is likely to reduce plant growth directly and through the leaching of soil nutrients, therefore increasing radiative forcing. However, it could act as a fertilizer that would have the opposite effect.'
display_name: '15.4: Many Factors Combine to Affect Biogeochemical Cycles'
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href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/figure/many-factors-combine-to-affect-biogeochemical-cycles.yaml
identifier: many-factors-combine-to-affect-biogeochemical-cycles
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ordinal: 4
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report:
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title: Many Factors Combine to Affect Biogeochemical Cycles
type: figure
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url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/highlights/report-findings/ecosystems-and-biodiversity/graphics/many-factors-combine-affect
usage_limits: Free to use with credit to the original figure source.