--- attributes: ~ caption: 'Changes in surface air temperature at the continental and global scales can only be explained by the influence of human activities on climate. The black line depicts the annually averaged observed changes. The blue shading shows climate model simulations that include the effects of natural (solar and volcanic) forcing only. The orange shading shows climate model simulations that include the effects of both natural and human contributions. These analyses demonstrate that the observed changes, both globally and on a continent-by-continent basis, are caused by the influence of human activities on climate. (Figure source: updated from Jones et al. 2013ee56b7fa-1961-49cc-aeea-823510341d5f).' chapter: description: ~ display_name: 'Chapter 33: Appendix 3: Climate Science Supplement' doi: 10.7930/J0KS6PHH identifier: appendix-climate-science-supplement number: 33 report_identifier: nca3 sort_key: 330 title: 'Appendix 3: Climate Science Supplement' url: http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/appendices/climate-science-supplement chapter_identifier: appendix-climate-science-supplement cited_by: [] contributors: [] create_dt: 2013-10-23T10:49:00 description: 'Changes in surface air temperature at the continental and global scales can only be explained by the influence of human activities on climate. The black line depicts the annually averaged observed changes. The blue shading shows climate model simulations that include the effects of natural (solar and volcanic) forcing only. The orange shading shows climate model simulations that include the effects of both natural and human contributions. These analyses demonstrate that the observed changes, both globally and on a continent-by-continent basis, are caused by the influence of human activities on climate. 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