---
attrs:
  .reference_type: 0
  Abstract: "We use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model combined with the GISS general; circulation model to calculate the aerosol direct and indirect (warm cloud) radiative forcings; from US anthropogenic sources over the 1950–2050 period, based on historical; 5 emission inventories and future projections from the IPCC A1B scenario. The aerosol; simulation is evaluated with observed spatial distributions and 1980–2010 trends of; aerosol concentrations and wet deposition in the contiguous US. The radiative forcing; from US anthropogenic aerosols is strongly localized over the eastern US. We; find that it peaked in 1970–1990, with values over the eastern US (east of 100\x0e W); 10 of −2.0Wm−2 for direct forcing including contributions from sulfate (−2.0Wm−2), nitrate; (−0.2Wm−2), organic carbon (−0.2Wm−2), and black carbon (+0.4Wm−2). The; aerosol indirect effect is of comparable magnitude to the direct forcing. We find that; the forcing declined sharply from 1990 to 2010 (by 0.8Wm−2 direct and 1.0Wm−2 indirect),; mainly reflecting decreases in SO2 emissions, and project that it will continue; 15 declining post-2010 but at a much slower rate since US SO2 emissions have already; declined by almost 60% from their peak. This suggests that much of the warming effect; of reducing US anthropogenic aerosol sources may have already been realized by; 2010, however some additional warming is expected through 2020. The small positive; radiative forcing from US BC emissions (+0.3Wm−2 over the eastern US in 2010) sug20; gests that an emission control strategy focused on BC would have only limited climate; benefit."
  Author: "Leibensperger, E. M.\rL.J. Mickley\rD.J. Jacob\rW.T. Chen\rJ.H. Seinfeld\rA. Nenes\rP.J. Adams\rD.G. Streets\rN. Kumar\rD. Rind"
  DOI: 10.5194/acp-12-3333-2012
  ISSN: 1680-7324
  Issue: 7
  Journal: 'Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics '
  Keywords: transboundary pollution influences; stratiform cloud microphysics; eastern united-states; art. no. 4407; black-carbon; organic aerosol; tropospheric ozone; model description; droplet formation; sulfur cycle
  Language: English
  Pages: 3333-3348
  Title: 'Climatic effects of 1950-2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols - Part 1: Aerosol trends and radiative forcing'
  URL: http://atmos-chem-phys.net/12/3333/2012/acp-12-3333-2012.pdf
  Volume: 12
  Year: 2012
  _chapter: '["Ch. 15: Biogeochemical FINAL","Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate FINAL"]'
  _record_number: 399
  _uuid: e5093ad6-fff0-48b1-863b-51882837f648
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.5194/acp-12-3333-2012
description: 'Climatic effects of 1950-2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols - Part 1: Aerosol trends and radiative forcing'
display_name: 'Climatic effects of 1950-2050 changes in US anthropogenic aerosols - Part 1: Aerosol trends and radiative forcing'
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publications:
  - /report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles
  - /report/nca3/chapter/our-changing-climate
  - /report/nca3
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