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reference : Pliocene warmth, polar amplification, and stepped Pleistocene cooling recorded in NE Arctic Russia

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Pliocene Warmth, Polar Amplification, and Stepped Pleistocene Cooling Recorded in NE Arctic Russia
Bibliographic fields
reftype Journal Article
Abstract Understanding the evolution of Arctic polar climate from the protracted warmth of the middle Pliocene into the earliest glacial cycles in the Northern Hemisphere has been hindered by the lack of continuous, highly resolved Arctic time series. Evidence from Lake El’gygytgyn, in northeast (NE) Arctic Russia, shows that 3.6 to 3.4 million years ago, summer temperatures were ~8°C warmer than today, when the partial pressure of CO2 was ~400 parts per million. Multiproxy evidence suggests extreme warmth and polar amplification during the middle Pliocene, sudden stepped cooling events during the Pliocene-Pleistocene transition, and warmer than present Arctic summers until ~2.2 million years ago, after the onset of Northern Hemispheric glaciation. Our data are consistent with sea-level records and other proxies indicating that Arctic cooling was insufficient to support large-scale ice sheets until the early Pleistocene.
Author Brigham-Grette, Julie Melles, Martin Minyuk, Pavel Andreev, Andrei Tarasov, Pavel DeConto, Robert Koenig, Sebastian Nowaczyk, Norbert Wennrich, Volker Rosén, Peter Haltia, Eeva Cook, Tim Gebhardt, Catalina Meyer-Jacob, Carsten Snyder, Jeff Herzschuh, Ulrike
DOI 10.1126/science.1233137
Date June 21, 2013
Issue 6139
Journal Science
Pages 1421-1427
Title Pliocene warmth, polar amplification, and stepped Pleistocene cooling recorded in NE Arctic Russia
Volume 340
Year 2013
Bibliographic identifiers
.reference_type 0
_chapter ["Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]
_record_number 4401
_uuid e2cbb1e3-2fa5-4938-8d93-764a1c6b9c58