---
attrs:
  .reference_type: 0
  Abstract: "Land use has generally been considered a local environmental issue, but it is becoming a force of global importance. Worldwide changes to forests, farmlands, waterways, and air are being driven by the need to provide food, fiber, water, and shelter to more than six billion people. Global croplands, pastures, plantations, and urban areas have expanded in recent decades, accompanied by large increases in energy, water, and fertilizer consumption, along with considerable losses of biodiversity. Such changes in land use have enabled humans to appropriate an increasing share of the planet's resources, but they also potentially undermine the capacity of ecosystems to sustain food production, maintain freshwater and forest resources, regulate climate and air quality, and ameliorate infectious diseases. We face the challenge of managing trade-offs between immediate human needs and maintaining the capacity of the biosphere to provide goods and services in the long term."
  Author: "Foley, Jonathan A.\rDeFries, Ruth\rAsner, Gregory P.\rBarford, Carol\rBonan, Gordon\rCarpenter, Stephen R.\rChapin, F. Stuart, III\rCoe, Michael T.\rDaily, Gretchen C.\rGibbs, Holly K.\rHelkowski, Joseph H.\rHolloway, Tracey\rHoward, Erica A.\rKucharik, Christopher J.\rMonfreda, Chad\rPatz, Jonathan A.\rPrentice, I. Colin\rRamankutty, Navin\rSnyder, Peter K."
  DOI: 10.1126/science.1111772
  Date: 'July 22, 2005'
  Issue: 5734
  Journal: Science
  Pages: 570-574
  Title: Global Consequences of Land Use
  Volume: 309
  Year: 2005
  _chapter: '["Ch. 13: Land Use and Land Cover Change FINAL"]'
  _record_number: 4321
  _uuid: b607b757-a6eb-40e7-8ce3-0f4be60a0191
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1111772
description: Global Consequences of Land Use
display_name: Global Consequences of Land Use
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identifier: b607b757-a6eb-40e7-8ce3-0f4be60a0191
publications:
  - /report/nca3/chapter/land-use-land-cover-change
  - /report/nca3
type: reference
uri: /reference/b607b757-a6eb-40e7-8ce3-0f4be60a0191