---
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  Abstract: "RATIONALE: The heat-related risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases among the elderly has not been quantified in the United States on a national scale. With climate change predictions of more frequent and more intense heat waves, it is of paramount importance to quantify the health risks related to heat, especially for the most vulnerable. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the risk of hospitalization for respiratory diseases associated with outdoor heat in the U.S. elderly. METHODS: An observational study of approximately 12.5 million Medicare beneficiaries in 213 United States counties, January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2008. We estimate a national average relative risk of hospitalization for each 10 degrees F (5.6 degrees C) increase in daily outdoor temperature using Bayesian hierarchical models. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We obtained daily county-level rates of Medicare emergency respiratory hospitalizations (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, 464-466, 480-487, 490-492) in 213 U.S. counties from 1999 through 2008. Overall, each 10 degrees F increase in daily temperature was associated with a 4.3% increase in same-day emergency hospitalizations for respiratory diseases (95% posterior interval, 3.8, 4.8%). Counties' relative risks were significantly higher in counties with cooler average summer temperatures. CONCLUSIONS: We found strong evidence of an association between outdoor heat and respiratory hospitalizations in the largest population of elderly studied to date. Given projections of increasing temperatures from climate change and the increasing global prevalence of chronic pulmonary disease, the relationship between heat and respiratory morbidity is a growing concern."
  Author: 'Anderson, G. B.; Dominici, F.; Wang, Y.; McCormack, M. C.; Bell, M. L.; Peng, R. D.'
  DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201211-1969OC
  Date: May 15
  ISSN: 1535-4970
  Issue: 10
  Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
  Keywords: 'Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bayes Theorem; Emergency Medical Services/ methods/statistics & numerical data; Female; Hospitalization/ statistics & numerical data; Hot Temperature/ adverse effects; Humans; Male; Medicare; Respiration Disorders/ epidemiology; Risk; United States/epidemiology'
  Language: eng
  Notes: "Anderson, G Brooke Dominici, Francesca Wang, Yun McCormack, Meredith C Bell, Michelle L Peng, Roger D K23ES016819/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States P01ES018176/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States R01ES012054/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States R01ES015028/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States R01ES019560/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States R21ES020152/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States R21ES021427/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 May 15;187(10):1098-103. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201211-1969OC."
  Pages: 1098-1103
  Title: Heat-related emergency hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in the Medicare population
  Volume: 187
  Year: 2013
  _record_number: 4045
  _uuid: ac0d1490-bc44-4738-af3d-90d6a499dcbe
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.1164/rccm.201211-1969OC
description: Heat-related emergency hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in the Medicare population
display_name: Heat-related emergency hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in the Medicare population
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publications:
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/temperature-related-death-and-illness/finding/even-small-differences-seasonal-average-temperatures-result-illness-death
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/temperature-related-death-and-illness
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
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