---
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  Abstract: 'BACKGROUND: Most heat-related deaths occur in cities, and future trends in global climate change and urbanization may amplify this trend. Understanding how neighborhoods affect heat mortality fills an important gap between studies of individual susceptibility to heat and broadly comparative studies of temperature-mortality relationships in cities. OBJECTIVES: We estimated neighborhood effects of population characteristics and built and natural environments on deaths due to heat exposure in Maricopa County, Arizona (2000-2008). METHODS: We used 2000 U.S. Census data and remotely sensed vegetation and land surface temperature to construct indicators of neighborhood vulnerability and a geographic information system to map vulnerability and residential addresses of persons who died from heat exposure in 2,081 census block groups. Binary logistic regression and spatial analysis were used to associate deaths with neighborhoods. RESULTS: Neighborhood scores on three factors-socioeconomic vulnerability, elderly/isolation, and unvegetated area-varied widely throughout the study area. The preferred model (based on fit and parsimony) for predicting the odds of one or more deaths from heat exposure within a census block group included the first two factors and surface temperature in residential neighborhoods, holding population size constant. Spatial analysis identified clusters of neighborhoods with the highest heat vulnerability scores. A large proportion of deaths occurred among people, including homeless persons, who lived in the inner cores of the largest cities and along an industrial corridor. CONCLUSIONS: Place-based indicators of vulnerability complement analyses of person-level heat risk factors. Surface temperature might be used in Maricopa County to identify the most heat-vulnerable neighborhoods, but more attention to the socioecological complexities of climate adaptation is needed.'
  Author: 'Harlan, S. L.; Declet-Barreto, J. H.; Stefanov, W. L.; Petitti, D. B.'
  DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1104625
  Date: Feb
  ISSN: 1552-9924
  Issue: 2
  Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives
  Keywords: Arizona/epidemiology; Female; Geographic Information Systems; Heat Stress Disorders/ mortality; Humans; Male; Residence Characteristics; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors
  Language: eng
  Notes: "Harlan, Sharon L Declet-Barreto, Juan H Stefanov, William L Petitti, Diana B Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. United States Environ Health Perspect. 2013 Feb;121(2):197-204. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1104625. Epub 2012 Nov 15."
  Pages: 197-204
  Title: 'Neighborhood effects on heat deaths: Social and environmental predictors of vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona'
  Volume: 121
  Year: 2013
  _record_number: 4523
  _uuid: a6491512-ba32-470d-934e-44c3b13d8b96
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.1289/ehp.1104625
description: 'Neighborhood effects on heat deaths: Social and environmental predictors of vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona'
display_name: 'Neighborhood effects on heat deaths: Social and environmental predictors of vulnerability in Maricopa County, Arizona'
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publications:
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/temperature-related-death-and-illness
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/populations-of-concern
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/populations-of-concern/finding/social-determinants-health-interact-climate-factors-affect-health-risk
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