---
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  .reference_type: 0
  Abstract: 'The national resurgence of human West Nile virus (WNV) disease in 2012 raised questions about the factors responsible for WNV outbreaks. Interannual climatic variations may influence WNV amplification and transmission to humans through multiple pathways, including mosquito breeding habitats, gonotrophic cycles, extrinsic incubation, avian communities, and human behavior. We examined the influences of temperature and precipitation anomalies on interannual variation in human WNV cases in three regions of the United States. There were consistent positive influences of winter temperatures, weaker and more variable positive effects of spring and summer temperatures, and highly variable precipitation effects that ranged from positive to negative. The overwintering period may be a particularly important climatic constraint on the dynamics of WNV in cold-temperate regions of North America. Geographic differences in the seasonal timing and relative importance of climatic drivers of WNV risk likely reflect underlying variability in key ecological and social characteristics.'
  Author: 'Wimberly, M. C.; Lamsal, A.; Giacomo, P.; Chuang, T.-W.'
  DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0239
  Date: Oct
  ISSN: 0002-9637
  Issue: 4
  Journal: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
  Notes: "Wimberly, Michael C Lamsal, Aashis Giacomo, Paolla Chuang, Ting-Wu eng R01 AI079411/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ R01AI079411/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2014/08/06 06:00 Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2014 Oct;91(4):677-84. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0239. Epub 2014 Aug 4."
  Pages: 677-684
  Title: Regional variation of climatic influences on West Nile virus outbreaks in the United States
  Volume: 91
  Year: 2014
  _record_number: 18044
  _uuid: 8a6987a1-ec6c-4027-9a29-315c7bfdbdd2
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0239
description: Regional variation of climatic influences on West Nile virus outbreaks in the United States
display_name: Regional variation of climatic influences on West Nile virus outbreaks in the United States
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publications:
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/vectorborne-diseases/finding/changing-mosquitoborne-disease-dynamics
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/vectorborne-diseases
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
type: reference
uri: /reference/8a6987a1-ec6c-4027-9a29-315c7bfdbdd2