---
attrs:
  .reference_type: 0
  Abstract: 'Global temperatures are known to have varied over the past 1500 years, but the spatial patterns have remained poorly defined. We used a global climate proxy network to reconstruct surface temperature patterns over this interval. The Medieval period is found to display warmth that matches or exceeds that of the past decade in some regions, but which falls well below recent levels globally. This period is marked by a tendency for La Niña–like conditions in the tropical Pacific. The coldest temperatures of the Little Ice Age are observed over the interval 1400 to 1700 C.E., with greatest cooling over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere continents. The patterns of temperature change imply dynamical responses of climate to natural radiative forcing changes involving El Niño and the North Atlantic Oscillation–Arctic Oscillation.'
  Author: "Mann, Michael E.\rZhang, Zhihua\rRutherford, Scott\rBradley, Raymond S.\rHughes, Malcolm K.\rShindell, Drew\rAmmann, Caspar\rFaluvegi, Greg\rNi, Fenbiao"
  DOI: 10.1126/science.1177303
  Date: 'November 27, 2009'
  Issue: 5957
  Journal: Science
  Pages: 1256-1260
  Title: Global signatures and dynamical origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly
  Volume: 326
  Year: 2009
  _chapter: '["Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]'
  _record_number: 4261
  _uuid: 729d55e0-b264-4e43-8bca-7160bb9b2ddf
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1177303
description: Global signatures and dynamical origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly
display_name: Global signatures and dynamical origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly
href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/729d55e0-b264-4e43-8bca-7160bb9b2ddf.yaml
identifier: 729d55e0-b264-4e43-8bca-7160bb9b2ddf
publications:
  - /report/nca3/chapter/appendix-climate-science-supplement
  - /report/nca3
type: reference
uri: /reference/729d55e0-b264-4e43-8bca-7160bb9b2ddf