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reference : Global signatures and dynamical origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly

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Global Signatures and Dynamical Origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly
Bibliographic fields
reftype Journal Article
Abstract Global temperatures are known to have varied over the past 1500 years, but the spatial patterns have remained poorly defined. We used a global climate proxy network to reconstruct surface temperature patterns over this interval. The Medieval period is found to display warmth that matches or exceeds that of the past decade in some regions, but which falls well below recent levels globally. This period is marked by a tendency for La Niña–like conditions in the tropical Pacific. The coldest temperatures of the Little Ice Age are observed over the interval 1400 to 1700 C.E., with greatest cooling over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere continents. The patterns of temperature change imply dynamical responses of climate to natural radiative forcing changes involving El Niño and the North Atlantic Oscillation–Arctic Oscillation.
Author Mann, Michael E. Zhang, Zhihua Rutherford, Scott Bradley, Raymond S. Hughes, Malcolm K. Shindell, Drew Ammann, Caspar Faluvegi, Greg Ni, Fenbiao
DOI 10.1126/science.1177303
Date November 27, 2009
Issue 5957
Journal Science
Pages 1256-1260
Title Global signatures and dynamical origins of the Little Ice Age and Medieval Climate Anomaly
Volume 326
Year 2009
Bibliographic identifiers
.reference_type 0
_chapter ["Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]
_record_number 4261
_uuid 729d55e0-b264-4e43-8bca-7160bb9b2ddf