---
attrs:
  .reference_type: 0
  Abstract: 'The reliability of Arctic climate predictions is currently hampered by insufficient knowledge of natural climate variability in the past. A sediment core from Lake El’gygytgyn in northeastern (NE) Russia provides a continuous, high-resolution record from the Arctic, spanning the past 2.8 million years. This core reveals numerous “super interglacials” during the Quaternary; for marine benthic isotope stages (MIS) 11c and 31, maximum summer temperatures and annual precipitation values are ~4° to 5°C and ~300 millimeters higher than those of MIS 1 and 5e. Climate simulations show that these extreme warm conditions are difficult to explain with greenhouse gas and astronomical forcing alone, implying the importance of amplifying feedbacks and far field influences. The timing of Arctic warming relative to West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreats implies strong interhemispheric climate connectivity.'
  Author: "Melles, Martin\rBrigham-Grette, Julie\rMinyuk, Pavel S.\rNowaczyk, Norbert R.\rWennrich, Volker\rDeConto, Robert M.\rAnderson, Patricia M.\rAndreev, Andrei A.\rColetti, Anthony\rCook, Timothy L.\rHaltia-Hovi, Eeva\rKukkonen, Maaret\rLozhkin, Anatoli V.\rRosén, Peter\rTarasov, Pavel\rVogel, Hendrik\rWagner, Bernd"
  DOI: 10.1126/science.1222135
  Date: 'July 20, 2012'
  Issue: 6092
  Journal: Science
  Pages: 315-320
  Title: '2.8 million years of Arctic climate change from Lake El’gygytgyn, NE Russia'
  Volume: 337
  Year: 2012
  _chapter: '["Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]'
  _record_number: 4402
  _uuid: 547c621b-1bc9-40e9-b3b1-f55c11daca76
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1222135
description: '2.8 million years of Arctic climate change from Lake El’gygytgyn, NE Russia'
display_name: '2.8 million years of Arctic climate change from Lake El’gygytgyn, NE Russia'
href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/547c621b-1bc9-40e9-b3b1-f55c11daca76.yaml
identifier: 547c621b-1bc9-40e9-b3b1-f55c11daca76
publications:
  - /report/nca3/chapter/appendix-climate-science-supplement
  - /report/nca3
type: reference
uri: /reference/547c621b-1bc9-40e9-b3b1-f55c11daca76