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reference : Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987-2000
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| reftype | Journal Article |
| Abstract | CONTEXT: Ozone has been associated with various adverse health effects, including increased rates of hospital admissions and exacerbation of respiratory illnesses. Although numerous time-series studies have estimated associations between day-to-day variation in ozone levels and mortality counts, results have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether short-term (daily and weekly) exposure to ambient ozone is associated with mortality in the United States. DESIGN AND SETTING: Using analytical methods and databases developed for the National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study, we estimated a national average relative rate of mortality associated with short-term exposure to ambient ozone for 95 large US urban communities from 1987-2000. We used distributed-lag models for estimating community-specific relative rates of mortality adjusted for time-varying confounders (particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends) and hierarchical models for combining relative rates across communities to estimate a national average relative rate, taking into account spatial heterogeneity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Daily counts of total non-injury-related mortality and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 95 large US communities during a 14-year period. RESULTS: A 10-ppb increase in the previous week's ozone was associated with a 0.52% increase in daily mortality (95% posterior interval [PI], 0.27%-0.77%) and a 0.64% increase in cardiovascular and respiratory mortality (95% PI, 0.31%-0.98%). Effect estimates for aggregate ozone during the previous week were larger than for models considering only a single day's exposure. Results were robust to adjustment for particulate matter, weather, seasonality, and long-term trends. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate a statistically significant association between short-term changes in ozone and mortality on average for 95 large US urban communities, which include about 40% of the total US population. The findings indicate that this widespread pollutant adversely affects public health. |
| Author | Bell, M. L.; McDermott, A.; Zeger, S. L.; Samet, J. M.; Dominici, F. |
| DOI | 10.1001/jama.292.19.2372 |
| Date | Nov 17 |
| ISSN | 0098-7484 |
| Issue | 19 |
| Journal | JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association |
| Keywords | Air Pollution/*adverse effects/analysis/statistics & numerical data; Humans; *Mortality; Ozone/*adverse effects/analysis; United States/epidemiology; Urban Population/*statistics & numerical data; Weather |
| Pages | 2372-2378 |
| Title | Ozone and short-term mortality in 95 US urban communities, 1987-2000 |
| Volume | 292 |
| Year | 2004 |
| .reference_type | 0 |
| _chapter | Ch10 |
| _record_number | 16535 |
| _uuid | 297b4513-6d8b-4f87-9c11-7aa89618fe2b |
