---
attrs:
  .reference_type: 0
  Abstract: 'To address the issue of human sewage reaching corals along the main reef of the Florida Keys, samples were collected from surface water, groundwater and coral [surface mucopolysaccharide layers (SML)] along a 10 km transect near Key Largo, FL. Samples were collected semi-annually between July 2003 and September 2005 and processed for faecal indicator bacteria (faecal coliform bacteria, enterococci and Clostridium perfringens) and human-specific enteric viruses (enterovirus RNA and adenovirus DNA) by (RT)-nested polymerase chain reaction. Faecal indicator bacteria concentrations were generally higher nearshore and in the coral SML. Enteric viruses were evenly distributed across the transect stations. Adenoviruses were detected in 37 of 75 samples collected (49.3%) whereas enteroviruses were only found in 8 of 75 samples (10.7%). Both viruses were detected twice as frequently in coral compared with surface water or groundwater. Offshore, viruses were most likely to be found in groundwater, especially during the wet summer season. These data suggest that polluted groundwater may be moving to the outer reef environment in the Florida Keys.'
  Author: 'Futch, J. C.; Griffin, D. W.; Lipp, E. K.'
  DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02141.x
  Date: Apr
  ISSN: 1462-2920
  Issue: 4
  Journal: Environmental Microbiology
  Keywords: 'Adenoviridae/*isolation & purification; Animals; Anthozoa/*virology; DNA, Viral/isolation & purification; Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification; Enterovirus/*isolation & purification; Feces/microbiology/virology; Florida; Fresh Water/virology; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Viral/isolation & purification; Seawater/virology; Sewage/*virology; *Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants/analysis'
  Language: eng
  Notes: "1462-2920 Futch, J Carrie Griffin, Dale W Lipp, Erin K Journal Article Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. England Environ Microbiol. 2010 Apr;12(4):964-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02141.x. Epub 2009 Dec 26."
  Pages: 964-974
  Title: Human enteric viruses in groundwater indicate offshore transport of human sewage to coral reefs of the Upper Florida Keys
  Volume: 12
  Year: 2010
  _record_number: 19052
  _uuid: 191b4713-5d04-4f5b-a123-1fe82601efd3
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02141.x
description: Human enteric viruses in groundwater indicate offshore transport of human sewage to coral reefs of the Upper Florida Keys
display_name: Human enteric viruses in groundwater indicate offshore transport of human sewage to coral reefs of the Upper Florida Keys
href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/191b4713-5d04-4f5b-a123-1fe82601efd3.yaml
identifier: 191b4713-5d04-4f5b-a123-1fe82601efd3
publications:
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
  - /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses
type: reference
uri: /reference/191b4713-5d04-4f5b-a123-1fe82601efd3