---
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  .reference_type: 0
  Abstract: 'Modern climate change is dominated by human influences, which are now large enough to exceed the bounds of natural variability. The main source of global climate change is human-induced changes in atmospheric composition. These perturbations primarily result from emissions associated with energy use, but on local and regional scales, urbanization and land use changes are also important. Although there has been progress in monitoring and understanding climate change, there remain many scientific, technical, and institutional impediments to precisely planning for, adapting to, and mitigating the effects of climate change. There is still considerable uncertainty about the rates of change that can be expected, but it is clear that these changes will be increasingly manifested in important and tangible ways, such as changes in extremes of temperature and precipitation, decreases in seasonal and perennial snow and ice extent, and sea level rise. Anthropogenic climate change is now likely to continue for many centuries. We are venturing into the unknown with climate, and its associated impacts could be quite disruptive.'
  Author: "Karl, Thomas R.\rTrenberth, Kevin E."
  DOI: 10.1126/science.1090228
  Date: 'December 5, 2003'
  Issue: 5651
  Journal: Science
  Pages: 1719-1723
  Title: Modern global climate change
  Volume: 302
  Year: 2003
  _chapter: '["Appendix 3: Climate Science FINAL"]'
  _record_number: 4703
  _uuid: 01812ac1-5424-4d88-ba1a-8dd40acd29c3
  reftype: Journal Article
child_publication: /article/10.1126/science.1090228
description: Modern global climate change
display_name: Modern global climate change
href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/reference/01812ac1-5424-4d88-ba1a-8dd40acd29c3.yaml
identifier: 01812ac1-5424-4d88-ba1a-8dd40acd29c3
publications:
  - /report/nca3/chapter/appendix-climate-science-supplement
  - /report/nca3/chapter/appendix-climate-science-supplement/figure/modeling-the-climate-system
  - /report/nca3
type: reference
uri: /reference/01812ac1-5424-4d88-ba1a-8dd40acd29c3