---
- description: ~
  display_name: Spread of Pacific Northwest Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain
  doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1305535
  identifier: 10.1056/NEJMc1305535
  journal_identifier: new-england-journal-medicine
  journal_pages: 1573-1574
  journal_vol: 369
  notes: ~
  title: Spread of Pacific Northwest Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain
  type: article
  uri: /article/10.1056/NEJMc1305535
  url: ~
  year: 2013
- description: 'We examined the potential influence of climate anomalies in expanding the geographical and seasonal range of seafood-borne illnesses from Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. Archived climate data from areas of implicated seafood production were obtained from various sources, including in situ monitoring devices and satellite imagery. The geographical expansion of V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks into Peru and Alaska corresponded closely with climate anomalies such as El Nino, which brought large masses of abnormally warm water into these regions. Seasonal expansion of V. vulnificus illnesses associated with oysters harvested from the Gulf of Mexico in April and November correspond with warmer water temperatures (>20 degC) recorded during these months since 1998. This retrospective review indicates that climate anomalies have already greatly expanded the risk area and season for vibrio illnesses and suggest that these events can be forecasted. Certainly, when similar circumstances occur in the future, adjustments in industry practices and regulatory policy should be considered, especially for seafood that is consumed raw, such as bivalve mollusks. '
  display_name: Climate anomalies and the increasing risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus illnesses
  doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.001
  identifier: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.001
  journal_identifier: food-research-international
  journal_pages: 1780-1790
  journal_vol: 43
  notes: ~
  title: Climate anomalies and the increasing risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus illnesses
  type: article
  uri: /article/10.1016/j.foodres.2010.04.001
  url: ~
  year: 2010
- description: 'There is increasing concern regarding the role of climate change in driving bacterial waterborne infectious diseases. Here we illustrate associations between environmental changes observed in the Baltic area and the recent emergence of Vibrio infections and also forecast future scenarios of the risk of infections in correspondence with predicted warming trends. Using multidecadal long-term sea surface temperature data sets we found that the Baltic Sea is warming at an unprecedented rate. Sea surface temperature trends (1982-2010) indicate a warming pattern of 0.063-0.078 degC yr[?]1 (6.3-7.8 degC per century; refs 1, 2), with recent peak temperatures unequalled in the history of instrumented measurements for this region. These warming patterns have coincided with the unexpected emergence of Vibrio infections in northern Europe, many clustered around the Baltic Sea area. The number and distribution of cases correspond closely with the temporal and spatial peaks in sea surface temperatures. This is among the first empirical evidence that anthropogenic climate change is driving the emergence of Vibriodisease in temperate regions through its impact on resident bacterial communities, implying that this process is reshaping the distribution of infectious diseases across global scales. '
  display_name: Emerging Vibrio risk at high latitudes in response to ocean warming
  doi: 10.1038/nclimate1628
  identifier: 10.1038/nclimate1628
  journal_identifier: nature-climate-change
  journal_pages: 73-77
  journal_vol: 3
  notes: ~
  title: Emerging Vibrio risk at high latitudes in response to ocean warming
  type: article
  uri: /article/10.1038/nclimate1628
  url: ~
  year: 2012