--- articles: - contributors: - display_name: 'Author : Jonathan Patz (Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/12886.yaml id: 12886 organization: country_code: US display_name: Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health identifier: johns-hopkins-university-school-hygiene-public-health name: Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: ~ organization_uri: /organization/johns-hopkins-university-school-hygiene-public-health person: display_name: Jonathan Patz first_name: Jonathan id: 824 last_name: Patz middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://www.sage.wisc.edu/people/patz/patz.html person_id: 824 person_uri: /person/824 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/12886 description: ~ display_name: 'Climate Change and Health: New Research Challenges' doi: 10.1046/j.1526-0992.2000.00006.x files: [] href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/10.1046/j.1526-0992.2000.00006.x.yaml identifier: 10.1046/j.1526-0992.2000.00006.x journal_identifier: ecosystem-health journal_pages: 52-58 journal_vol: 6 notes: ~ parents: [] references: [] title: 'Climate Change and Health: New Research Challenges' type: article uri: /article/10.1046/j.1526-0992.2000.00006.x url: ~ year: 2000 - contributors: - display_name: 'Author : Simon Hales ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/6888.yaml id: 6888 organization: ~ organization_uri: ~ person: display_name: Simon Hales first_name: Simon id: 4631 last_name: Hales middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://www.otago.ac.nz/wellington/departments/publichealth/staff/otago024870.html person_id: 4631 person_uri: /person/4631 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/6888 - display_name: 'Author : Philip Weinstein ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/6507.yaml id: 6507 organization: ~ organization_uri: ~ person: display_name: Philip Weinstein first_name: Philip id: 4262 last_name: Weinstein middle_name: ~ orcid: 0000-0001-9860-7166 type: person url: http://www.unisanet.unisa.edu.au/staff/homepage.asp?Name=Phil.Weinstein person_id: 4262 person_uri: /person/4262 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/6507 - display_name: 'Author : Alistair Woodward ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/6886.yaml id: 6886 organization: ~ organization_uri: ~ person: display_name: Alistair Woodward first_name: Alistair id: 4629 last_name: Woodward middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: ~ person_id: 4629 person_uri: /person/4629 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/6886 description: 'Ciguatera (fish poisoning) is the most frequent cause of human illness caused by ingestion of marine toxins. The toxins are ingested by herbivorous fish which feed on marine algae and are then passed up the food chain to humans eating reef fish. We have used a unique database of reported fish poisoning cases in the South Pacific islands to investigate the relationship between fish poisoning and El Nino Southern Oscillation, a periodic disruption of global climate that is associated with marked changes in rainfall, temperatures, and ocean currents. This provides an opportunity to study the effects of a strong climate signal on a sensitive ecosystem in a region that has been less subject to local human disturbance than most others. Using a mixed ecological study design, we calculated correlations between reports of fish poisoning in individual Pacific Islands, estimates of local sea surface temperature, and the Southern Oscillation Index. Strong positive correlations between the annual incidence of fish poisoning and local warming of the sea surface were found in a group of islands which experience warming during El Nino conditions. In another group of islands, which experience cooling of the sea surface during El Nino events, there were weaker negative correlations between fish poisoning and local sea surface temperature. The results are consistent with other evidence suggesting a close interdependence of marine ecosystems and climate. Increases in ciguatera may result if the climate continues to warm as a result of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Coral reefs have been under increasing pressure from human populations in recent years; ciguatera may be a sensitive indicator of environmental disturbance in tropical marine ecosystems. ' display_name: 'Ciguatera (Fish Poisoning), El Nino, and Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures' doi: 10.1046/j.1526-0992.1999.09903.x files: [] href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/10.1046/j.1526-0992.1999.09903.x.yaml identifier: 10.1046/j.1526-0992.1999.09903.x journal_identifier: ecosystem-health journal_pages: 20-25 journal_vol: 5 notes: ~ parents: [] references: [] title: 'Ciguatera (Fish Poisoning), El Nino, and Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures' type: article uri: /article/10.1046/j.1526-0992.1999.09903.x url: ~ year: 1999 cited_by: [] contributors: [] country: ~ description: ~ display_name: Ecosystem Health files: - display_name: default_cover.gif file: 98/12/b0ddee548901e06abbea5d47f34a/default_cover.gif href: http://data.globalchange.gov/assets/98/12/b0ddee548901e06abbea5d47f34a/default_cover.gif identifier: f3ff3ccf-1ebd-4ad0-86ea-3e25cef33e4d landing_page: ~ location: ~ mime_type: image/gif sha1: c3eb8fd3cd256e2cbbf8758704c933b889f36973 size: 3675 thumbnail: 98/12/b0ddee548901e06abbea5d47f34a/.thumb-f3ff3ccf-1ebd-4ad0-86ea-3e25cef33e4d.png thumbnail_href: http://data.globalchange.gov/assets/98/12/b0ddee548901e06abbea5d47f34a/.thumb-f3ff3ccf-1ebd-4ad0-86ea-3e25cef33e4d.png type: file uri: /file/f3ff3ccf-1ebd-4ad0-86ea-3e25cef33e4d url: http://data.globalchange.gov/assets/98/12/b0ddee548901e06abbea5d47f34a/default_cover.gif href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/journal/ecosystem-health.yaml identifier: ecosystem-health notes: ~ online_issn: 1526-0992 parents: [] print_issn: 1076-2825 publisher: University of Hawaii Burnes School of Medicine references: [] title: Ecosystem Health type: journal uri: /journal/ecosystem-health url: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1526-0992