--- - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "This data set consists of snow observations for 18 stations in the western Italian Alps. Two types of data are included: monthly snowfall amounts and monthly snow cover duration in days. The period of record varies with each station, with the longest station record including data from 1877 to 1996. The average station record duration is approximately 61 years. Available stations range from 565 meters to 2720 meters in elevation. The data are summaries of snow stake measurements. Daily observations of total snow depth were generally made at 8 a.m. local time. Data were aquired using a snow measuring rod. Snowfall amount was defined as being any increase over the previous day's reading. This measurement may be an underestimate of as much as 10-20% due to snow pack settlement. However, this underestimation is fairly consistent for all measurements. The daily data were then totaled to yield the monthly values." description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.7265/N5NP22C0 end_time: 1996-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g01186.yaml identifier: nsidc-g01186 lat_max: 46.425 lat_min: 44.192 lon_max: 8.436 lon_min: 6.695 name: Western Italian Alps Monthly Snowfall and Snow Cover Duration native_id: G01186 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 1999-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1877-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g01186 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G01186 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'This data set consists of river ice thickness measurements, and beginning and ending dates for river freeze-up events from fifty stations in northern Russia. The data set includes values from 1917 through 1992, however the record length varies for each station. The longest station record covers the period 1917 through 1988 (the station table shows the beginning and end years for measurements at each station). Data were obtained through the U.S.-Russia Working Group VIII of the U.S.-Russia Bilateral Agreement on the Protection of Environmental and Natural Resources.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0064.html doi: 10.7265/N5J10129 end_time: 1992-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g01187.yaml identifier: nsidc-g01187 lat_max: 72 lat_min: 39 lon_max: 179 lon_min: 31 name: Russian River Ice Thickness and Duration native_id: G01187 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2000-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1917-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g01187 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G01187 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "Thirty-four drift tracks in the Arctic Ocean pack ice are collected in a unified tabular data format, one file per track. Data are from drifting ships, manned research stations on ice floes (ice islands) and data buoys. Track names are FRAM (ship, 1893 to 1896), NP-01 through NP-20 (Soviet North Pole stations on ice floes, 1937, 1950, 1954 to 1970), IGY-A and IGY-B (International Geophysical Year ice camps, 1957 to 59), T-3 (Fletcher's Ice Island, 1959 to 1970), ARLIS-II (Arctic Research Laboratory Ice Station II ice camp, 1961 to 1965), BTAE (British Transarctic Expedition, 1968 to 1969), seven buoys deployed during the AIDJEX (Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment) pilot study (1972), TEGG (Austrian ship Tegetthoff, 1872 to 1873) and St. Anna (Russian ship, 1912 to 1914)." description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/G01358.html doi: 10.7265/N5D798B1 end_time: 1973-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g01358.yaml identifier: nsidc-g01358 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 80 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: 'Arctic Ocean Drift Tracks from Ships, Buoys and Manned Research Stations, 1872-1973' native_id: G01358 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 1984-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1893-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g01358 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G01358 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'This data set consists of moored Upward Looking Sonar (ULS) data from 14 stations in the Weddell Sea. Parameters in the processed data files are water pressure, water temperature, draft, and a flag to indicate if the instrument is under ice. Raw data files contain additional parameters. These data were contributed by the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, in 1999. Data are available via ftp.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/G01359.html doi: 10.7265/N58G8HM9 end_time: 1998-04-11T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g01359.yaml identifier: nsidc-g01359 lat_max: -59 lat_min: -71 lon_max: 0 lon_min: -53 name: 'AWI Moored ULS Data, Weddell Sea (1990-1998)' native_id: G01359 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2001-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1990-11-22T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g01359 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G01359 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "This data set consists of upward looking sonar draft data collected by submarines in the Arctic Ocean. It includes data from both U.S. Navy and Royal Navy submarines. Maps showing submarine tracks are available. Data are provided as ice draft profiles and as statistics derived from the profile data. Statistics files include information concerning ice draft characteristics, keels, level ice, leads, un- deformed and deformed ice. Data from the U.S. Navy's Digital Ice Profiling System (DIPS) have been interpolated and processed for release as unclassified data at the U.S. Army's Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) in Hanover, New Hampshire. Data from the analog draft recording system were digitized and then processed by the Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington. Data from British submarines were provided by the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge. All data sources used similar processing methods in order to ensure a consistent data set. Access to the Submarine Upward Looking Sonar Ice Draft Profile Data and Statistics data set is unrestricted, but users are encouraged to register for the data. Registered users will receive e-mail notification about any product changes." description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.7265/N54Q7RWK end_time: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g01360.yaml identifier: nsidc-g01360 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 70 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Submarine Upward Looking Sonar Ice Draft Profile Data and Statistics native_id: G01360 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 1998-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: ~ temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g01360 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G01360 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'The inventory includes 5,297 Glaciers from west Greenland between 59 to 71 degrees latitude north and 43 to 53 degrees longitude west. The glacier data basin division is based on a simplified version of the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) system. Data are based on 1:250000 maps, Landsat imagery, and aerial photos that were taken between 1948 and 1985.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/G01130.html doi: 10.7265/N50Z715N end_time: 1985-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g01375.yaml identifier: nsidc-g01375 lat_max: 71 lat_min: 59 lon_max: -43 lon_min: -53 name: Glacier Inventory of West Greenland native_id: G01375 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 1992-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1948-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g01375 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G01375 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'The Global Lake and River Ice Phenology Database contains freeze and thaw/breakup dates as well as other descriptive ice cover data for 865 lakes and rivers in the Northern Hemisphere. Of the 542 water bodies that have records longer than 19 years, 370 of them are in North America and 172 are in Eurasia. 249 lakes and rivers have records longer than 50 years, and 66 have records longer than 100 years. A few water bodies have data available prior to 1845. This database, with water bodies distributed around the Northern Hemisphere, allows for the analysis of broad spatial patterns as well as long-term temporal patterns. This data set was prepared by the North Temperate Lakes Long-Term Ecological Research (NTL-LTER) program at the Center for Limnology (CFL) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW) from data submitted by participants in the Lake Ice Analysis Group (LIAG). LIAG is an international ad hoc group of scientists who participated in a 1996 workshop sponsored by CFL and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Division of Environmental Biology (DEB) Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program as well as other data contributors. The group is especially interested in continuous data extending for 30 years or more. If you wish to contribute data for inclusion in the database, please contact Corinna Gries (cgries@wisc.edu) at CFL. The data are stored in a standard format in a database. NSIDC has developed a Web-based user interface to the database that allows users to search the database and retrieve data by the available parameters. The interface also includes a link to more general information about the lakes and rivers in the database, including, for example, latitude and longitude. The output can be directed to a Web browser, a gzipped file, or a tab-separated ASCII text file. Note: The term phenology in the data set title refers to the seasonal phenomenon of the freezing and thawing of lake and river ice. Access to the Global Lake and River Ice Phenology Database data set is unrestricted, but users are encouraged to register for the data. Registered users will automatically receive e-mail notification about any product changes.' description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.7265/N5W66HP8 end_time: 2009-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g01377.yaml identifier: nsidc-g01377 lat_max: 82.5 lat_min: 36.5 lon_max: 149.3 lon_min: -140.4 name: Global Lake and River Ice Phenology Database native_id: G01377 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2000-12-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 0874-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g01377 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G01377 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'This data set consists of glacier outline, laser altimetry profile, and surface elevation change data for 46 glaciers in Alaska and British Columbia, Canada, measured with an airborne laser altimetry system. Six glaciers in the Alaska Range of central Alaska, two glaciers in the Wrangell Mountains of southcentral Alaska, 11 glaciers in the Chugach Mountains of southcentral Alaska, five glaciers in the Chigmit Mountains of southcentral Alaska, 13 glaciers in the Kenai Mountains of southcentral Alaska (comprising the Harding Icefield), one glacier in the St. Elias Mountains of southeast Alaska, one glacier in the Takhinsha Mountains of southeast Alaska, and seven glaciers in the Coast Mountains of southeast Alaska and British Columbia were profiled between 1994 and 2001. Surface elevation profiles are accurate to about 0.3 m. Long-term elevation changes can be estimated by comparison of these profiles with existing maps.' description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.7265/N5RF5RZJ end_time: 1996-06-30T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g01378.yaml identifier: nsidc-g01378 lat_max: 61.5 lat_min: 57 lon_max: -132.33 lon_min: -149.25 name: Airborne Surface Profiling of Alaskan Glaciers native_id: G01378 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2002-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1994-05-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g01378 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G01378 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "The Environmental Working Group (EWG) was established in June 1995 under the framework of the U.S.-Russian Joint Commission on Economic and Technological Cooperation. In January 1996, the EWG Arctic Climatology Group took on the task of compiling digital data on arctic regions to expand scientific understanding of the Arctic. This work resulted in a set of three atlases on CD-ROM for arctic oceanography, sea ice, and meteorology. The Arctic Meteorology and Climate Atlas was developed by specialists from the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), St. Petersburg, Russia, the University of Washington, Seattle, and the National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder. The Atlas contains three main sections: a history section, a 'Primer,' and a data section. The history section and Primer provide background and introductory information for newcomers to arctic meteorology, while the data section contains gridded fields of meteorological parameters, and newly released meteorological station data from Russian and other sources. In addition, the Atlas includes several English translations of Russian technical documents, and a glossary of meteorological terms in English and Russian. Users can download the CD-ROM from the NSIDC FTP site. NSIDC also distributes the EWG Joint U.S.-Russian Atlas of the Arctic Ocean (Winter and Summer periods), and the EWG Joint U.S.-Russian Arctic Sea Ice Atlas." description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/noaa/ewg/index.html doi: 10.7265/N5MS3QNJ end_time: 1995-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g01938.yaml identifier: nsidc-g01938 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 60 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Environmental Working Group Arctic Meteorology and Climate Atlas native_id: G01938 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2000-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1950-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g01938 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G01938 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'The Environmental Working Group (EWG) was established in June 1995 under the framework of the U.S.-Russian Joint Commission on Economic and Technological Cooperation. In January 1996, the EWG Arctic Climatology Group took on the task of compiling digital data on arctic regions to expand scientific understanding of the Arctic. This work resulted in a set of three atlases on arctic oceanography, sea ice, and meteorology. These atlases are distributed via FTP. The Environmental Working Group Joint U.S.-Russian Atlas of the Arctic Ocean was developed by specialists from the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan with Russian and U.S. partners. The Atlas consist of separate volumes for winter and summer, with the following file names G01961a and G01961b respectively. More than 1.3 million individual temperature and salinity observations collected from Russian and western drifting stations, ice breakers, and airborne expeditions were used to develop the products contained in the winter volume. The primary products of the Atlas are gridded mean fields for decadal periods (1950s,1960s, 1970s, 1980s) of temperature, salinity, density and dynamic height, Atlantic water layer depth, and temperature and salinity profiles and transects. The original individual observations that were used to derive these fields are not provided with the Atlas and are not available. Note that the Polar Science Center Hydrographic Climatology (PHC) ocean database (version 3.0) is available from the Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington. This is a global gridded database with a high quality description of arctic seas achieved by merging data from several sources, including data from the Environmental Working Group Joint U.S.-Russian Atlas of the Arctic Ocean. The PHC or later versions may be more suitable for your research. Inquires may be sent to: Michael Steele, Applied Physics Laboratory, 1013 NE 40th Street, Seattle, WA 98105' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/noaa/ewg/index.html doi: 10.7265/N5H12ZX4 end_time: 1993-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g01961.yaml identifier: nsidc-g01961 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 60 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Environmental Working Group Joint U.S.-Russian Atlas of the Arctic Ocean native_id: G01961 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 1997-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1948-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g01961 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G01961 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'Note: The Russian chart component of this product has been replaced and updated by Sea Ice Charts of the Russian Arctic in Gridded Format, 1933-2006 and the U.S chart component by National Ice Center Arctic Sea Ice Charts and Climatologies in Gridded Format. The Environmental Working Group (EWG) was established in June 1995 under the framework of the U.S.-Russian Joint Commission on Economic and Technological Cooperation. In order to expand scientific understanding of the Arctic, the EWG Arctic Climatology Project compiled a set of three atlases on CD-ROM for arctic oceanography, sea ice, and meteorology. U.S. and Russian partners developed the EWG Joint U.S.-Russian Arctic Sea Ice Atlas. The U.S. Navy submarine and Meteorology and Oceanography (METOC) community strongly supported this project. The U.S. Arctic Submarine Laboratory and the National Ice Center (NIC)/Naval Ice Center (NAVICE)--a joint agency supported by the U.S. Navy, NOAA, and the U.S. Coast Guard--prepared the data. The Russian Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) in St. Petersburg contributed sea ice data and analyses. The Environmental Research Institute in Michigan designed and compiled the CD-ROM and served as managing editor of the project. The contents of the CD-ROM are available via FTP.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/G01938.html doi: 10.7265/N5C82766 end_time: 1994-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g01962.yaml identifier: nsidc-g01962 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 45 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Environmental Working Group Joint U.S.-Russian Arctic Sea Ice Atlas native_id: G01962 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2000-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1950-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g01962 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G01962 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'This data set contains water depth, temperature, specific gravity, salinity, and density measurements from the North Polar Basin and the Barents Sea, gathered by Nansen and crew on the Norwegian North Polar Expedition from 1893-1896. Data are available via FTP.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/G02120.html doi: 10.7265/N57H1GGG end_time: 1896-04-15T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g02120.yaml identifier: nsidc-g02120 lat_max: 85.87 lat_min: 69.42 lon_max: 137.83 lon_min: 12.43 name: 'Norwegian North Polar Expedition 1893-1896: Oceanographic Data' native_id: G02120 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2002-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1893-07-22T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g02120 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G02120 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'Weekly Southern Ocean ice limits, have been digitized from U.S. Navy Fleet Weather Facility ice charts, at the Max-Planck Institut fur Meteorologie, Hamburg. Coverage is from 1 January 1973 to 31 June 1978. Data are gridded at 5 degree longitude intervals and are available via ftp. Note: NOAA@NSIDC believes these data to be of value, however, they should be used with caution because we are unable to quality check the data or provide documentation due to lack of funding. If you have any information about this data set that others would find useful, please contact NSIDC User Services.' description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.7265/N53R0QRR end_time: 1978-06-30T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g02129.yaml identifier: nsidc-g02129 lat_max: -50 lat_min: -90 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: 'Southern Hemisphere Ice Limits, 1973-1978' native_id: G02129 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2003-07-25T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1973-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g02129 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G02129 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'This data set contains reconstructed monthly North American snow extent values for November through March, 1900-1993. Investigators used a combination of satellite and station observations and based the reconstruction on linear regressions between the two types of observations. The data also includes standard errors of estimates as well as the observed values upon which the regressions were based. Station-based snow observations are available for dates since the early twentieth century but lack comprehensive spatial coverage. A remotely sensed product based on visible-band imagery provides more complete spatial coverage but has only been available since the early 1970s. Since the reconstructed values are based on regression, variability is underestimated and therefore the magnitude of some extreme values is underestimated. Data are available via FTP.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/G02130.html doi: 10.7265/N5000014 end_time: 1993-03-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g02130.yaml identifier: nsidc-g02130 lat_max: 49 lat_min: 35 lon_max: -60 lon_min: -125 name: 'Reconstructed North American Snow Extent, 1900-1993' native_id: G02130 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2002-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1900-12-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g02130 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G02130 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'This data set contains time series of monthly snow cover extent (SCE) for North America, Eurasia, and the Northern Hemisphere from 1915 to 1997, based on snow cover reconstruction and NOAA satellite data. The reconstruction method used in situ snow depth and daily climate data from the U.S.A., Canada, China, and the former Soviet Union to generate a monthly snow cover index, which was found to be closely related to satellite-derived estimates of SCE in certain months. Brown (2000) describes the method, which is considered to be more robust than SCE reconstruction based on statistical methods (see Brown, 1997; Frei et al., 1999). In addition, the data set contains time series of annual variation in areally-averaged monthly snow depth and (SWE) for the North American grid domain used to derive the snow cover index. These provide additional insights into secular changes in snow cover over North America since SCE and depth variations are not always positively correlated. Data are available via FTP.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/G02131.html doi: 10.7265/N5V985Z6 end_time: 1997-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g02131.yaml identifier: nsidc-g02131 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 0 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: 'Reconstructed North American, Eurasian, and Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent, 1915-1997' native_id: G02131 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2002-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1915-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g02131 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G02131 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: '

Notice: On 5 August 2015, a problem arose with the F17 DMSP satellite that provides data to generate these images that led to bad/missing data. The F17 satellite is now back to normal operation. NSIDC is in the process of removing the bad data, and will be monitoring the incoming F17 data stream.

The Sea Ice Index provides a quick look at Arctic- and Antarctic-wide changes in sea ice. It is a source for consistent, up-to-date sea ice extent and concentration images and data values from November 1978 to the present. Sea Ice Index images depict ice cover and trends in ice cover in the Arctic and Antarctic oceans. Sea Ice Index data files tabulate ice extent in numbers. The images and data are produced in a consistent way that makes the Index time-series appropriate for use when looking at long-term trends in sea ice cover. Both monthly and daily products are available. However, monthly products are better to use for long-term trend analysis because errors in the daily product tend to be averaged out in the monthly product and because day-to-day variations are often the result of short-term weather. Monthly images show sea ice extent with an outline of the median extent for that month for comparison. Other monthly images show sea ice concentration as well as trends in concentration for that month. Monthly extent products are also available as geographic information systems (GIS) compatible shapefiles. Plain ASCII text data files contain monthly mean extent and area, in millions of square kilometers, by year. These monthly extent numbers are used for graphs of extent anomalies with trend lines and significance intervals. Anomalies and median extent are calculated using a 30-year reference period of 1981 through 2010. Daily images show sea ice extent, with an outline of the median extent for that day for comparison, and sea ice concentration. Plain ASCII text data files contain daily extent, in millions of square kilometers, for almost every day from 1978 onward. These daily extent numbers are used for graphs of daily extent over the last four months.' description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.7265/N5QJ7F7W end_time: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g02135.yaml identifier: nsidc-g02135 lat_max: -39.23 lat_min: -90 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Sea Ice Index native_id: G02135 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2002-12-05T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1979-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g02135 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G02135 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "This data set consists of Upward Looking Sonar (ULS) data from 11 moorings in the Greenland Sea. Parameters in the processed data files include ice draft, water pressure, and water temperature. Raw data files with sonar travel time, and files with draft frequency of occurrence, are available as well. A single statistical file for each mooring summarizes that mooring's record. These data were contributed by the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany, in 2002 and 2004, as a contribution to the World Climate Research Programme's Arctic Climate System Study/Climate and Cryosphere (ACSYS/CliC) Project. Data are available via FTP. NSIDC strongly encourages you to register as a user of this data product. As a registered user, you will be notified of updates and corrections. When registering, please include the title of this data set, AWI Moored ULS Data, Greenland Sea and Fram Strait, 1991-2002." description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/G01359.html doi: 10.7265/N5G15XSR end_time: 2002-09-30T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g02139.yaml identifier: nsidc-g02139 lat_max: 79 lat_min: 74.4 lon_max: 12.98333 lon_min: 2 name: 'AWI Moored ULS Data, Greenland Sea and Fram Strait, 1991-2002' native_id: G02139 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2005-08-31T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1991-08-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g02139 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G02139 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "This data set contains sea ice and snow measurements collected during aircraft landings associated with the Soviet Union's historical Sever airborne and North Pole drifting station programs. The High-Latitude Airborne Annual Expeditions Sever (Sever means North) took place in 1937, 1941, 1948-1952, and 1954-1993 (Konstantinov and Grachev, 2000). In Spring 1993, the last (45th) Sever expedition finished long-term activity in the Arctic. Snow and sea ice data were collected, along with meteorological and hydrological measurements (the latter are not part of this data set). Up to 202 landings were accomplished each year. The data set contains measurements of 23 parameters, including ice thickness and snow depth on the runway and surrounding area; ridge, hummock, and sastrugi dimensions and areal coverage; and snow density. The sea ice thickness data are of particular importance, as ice thickness measurements for the Arctic Basin are scarce. These data are a subset of those used to create the atlas Morphometric Characteristics of Ice and Snow in the Arctic Basin, self-published by Ilya P. Romanov in 1993, and republished by Backbone Publishing Company in 1995. Romanov provided these data to the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in 1994." description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/g01938.html doi: 10.7265/N5B8562T end_time: 1989-05-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g02140.yaml identifier: nsidc-g02140 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 64 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: 'Morphometric Characteristics of Ice and Snow in the Arctic Basin: Aircraft Landing Observations from the Former Soviet Union, 1928-1989' native_id: G02140 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2004-03-17T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1928-06-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g02140 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G02140 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'This data set contains monthly means of meteorological observation data from Russian stations from 1961-2000 (for most stations). The Russian station observations were provided by Vladimir Radionov, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), St. Petersburg, and include 2-meter air temperature, sea level pressure, total and low cloud amount, precipitation, and relative humidity. Data are available in ASCII text format via FTP.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/g02164.html doi: 10.7265/N56H4FB3 end_time: 2000-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g02141.yaml identifier: nsidc-g02141 lat_max: 78.06667 lat_min: 59.96667 lon_max: 179.1 lon_min: 14.25 name: 'Meteorological Data from the Russian Arctic, 1961-2000' native_id: G02141 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2003-09-18T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1961-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g02141 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G02141 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "This data set provides snow and ice cover maps for the Northern Hemisphere from February 1997 to the present from the National Ice Center's Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System (IMS). It is derived from a variety of data products including satellite imagery and in situ data. The data are provided in ASCII text and GeoTIFF formats in three different resolutions: 1 km, 4 km, and 24 km. Note: The IMS product is considered an operational product; however, NIC, who creates this product, does not guarantee availability or timely delivery of data via the NIC Web server. NSIDC, as the data archive, does not guarantee availability of this product via the NSIDC Web server. These servers should not be used to support operational observation, forecasting, emergency, or disaster mitigation operations, either public or private. Users with real-time operational needs should visit the NIC Web site and contact the National Ice Center Liaison to request access to their operational server." description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/g01962.html doi: 10.7265/N52R3PMC end_time: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nsidc-g02156.yaml identifier: nsidc-g02156 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 0 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: 'IMS Daily Northern Hemisphere Snow and Ice Analysis at 1 km, 4 km, and 24 km Resolutions' native_id: G02156 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2008-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1997-02-04T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nsidc-g02156 url: http://nsidc.org/data/G02156 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~