Note: This data set is now on FTP so references to CD-ROM are historic and no longer applicable.
The Historical Arctic Rawinsonde Archive is on FTP, and it contains millions of vertical soundings of temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind, representing all available rawinsonde ascents from Arctic land stations poleward of 65 degrees North. HARA includes soundings from the beginning of record through mid-1996. Most stations began recording soundings in the late 1950s, but a few began in 1947 or 1948. Coverage is relatively uniform, except for the interior of Greenland. Typically, 20 to 40 levels are available in each sounding. HARA documentation is provided in the FTP directory and in hard copy (NSIDC Special Report 2, 1992). The FTP directory contain software (Fortran and C) for retrieval of sounding data subsets. The original soundings were obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, Colorado and the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) of NOAA in Asheville, North Carolina.' description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.5067/FQZA3330CVPO end_time: 1996-06-30T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0008.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0008 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 65 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Historical Arctic Rawinsonde Archive native_id: NSIDC-0008 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2003-06-05T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1947-11-10T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0008 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0008 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'Daily and monthly averaged sea ice concentrations from the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) are available for the Arctic and Antarctic from 12 December 1972 through 31 December 1976 at 25 km gridded resolution. Raw data were reprocessed to include ocean masks that reduce weather effects and coastal contamination, and to include a 15 percent ice threshold. Reprocessed data are in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) and are available via FTP.' description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.5067/W2PKTWMTY0TP end_time: 1976-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0009.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0009 lat_max: -39.23 lat_min: -90 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Nimbus-5 ESMR Polar Gridded Sea Ice Concentrations native_id: NSIDC-0009 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2004-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1972-12-12T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0009 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0009 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'CEAREX was a multi-platform field program conducted in the Norwegian Seas and Greenland north to Svalbard from September 1988 through May 1989. Canada, Denmark, France, Norway and the United States participated in the experiment. Primary data from CEAREX are available on FTP in ASCII format along with some data from the Marginal Ice Zone Experiment (MIZEX) and the Eurasian Basin Experiment (EUBEX). Meteorology data from CEAREX and the MIZEX (1983, 1984, 1987) include near-surface time series and rawinsonde (upper-air sounding) profiles of wind, pressure, temperature, and humidity collected on ship platforms and ice floe stations. A collection of hydrography data include CTD, STD, and bottle data from a ship and two operations camps. Hydrography data also include data from the MIZEX, the EUBEX, NODC archives, and a merged set of data from five other cruises. Sea ice data consist of compressive stress measurements made in a multi-year floe, stress sensor data for time series of stress invariants, and ice accelerometer data for movements associated with the deformation of multi-year ice floes. Noise data consist of acoustic measurements from a variety of hydrophone and geophone arrays, and ambient noise observations from a ship using omni-directional hydrophones tethered beneath the ice cover. Biophysical data include bottle sample, zooplankton sampling, and bioluminescence data. Bathymetry data consist of gridded trackline data collected from the two operations camps, and digital bottom bathymetry and continental topography data for the Fram Strait region and a portion of the Arctic Ocean. Sample position data consist of hourly listings of position and velocity for both manned stations and unmanned drifting buoys. Data are available via FTP.' description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.5067/5WAIACLZODHP end_time: 1989-05-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0020.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0020 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 60 lon_max: 30 lon_min: -30 name: Coordinated Eastern Arctic Experiment (CEAREX) Data native_id: NSIDC-0020 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2003-06-05T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1988-03-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0020 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0020 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "The data set consists of monthly global snow cover and snow depth derived from Nimbus-7 SMMR data for 1978 through 1987. The SMMR data are interpolated for spatial and temporal gaps, and averaged for display in polar stereographic projection. Maps are based on six-day average brightness temperature data from the middle week of each month. Data are placed into 1/2 degree latitude by 1/2 degree longitude grid cells uniformly subdividing a polar stereographic map according to the geographic coordinates of the center of the radiometers' fields of view. Overlapping data from separate orbits in the same six-day period are averaged to give a single brightness temperature assumed to be at the cell's center. Oceans and bays are masked so that only microwave data for land areas are displayed. Comparisons of SMMR snow cover maps with previous maps produced by NOAA/NESDIS and US Air Force Global Weather Center indicate that the total snow covered area derived from SMMR is usually about ten percent less than that measured by the earlier products, because passive microwave sensors often can't detect shallow dry snow less than about 5 cm deep. Snow depths are comparable, showing SMMR results to be especially good for uniform snow covered areas such as the Canadian high plains and Russian steppes. Heavily forested and mountainous areas tend to mask the microwave snow signatures, and SMMR snow depth derivations are less reliable in those areas. Formerly distributed by NASA/GSFC/NSSDC and NASA Pilot Land Data System (PLDS), these data are now available via ftp from NSIDC." description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.5067/5C8R32YS4VHU end_time: 1987-08-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0024.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0024 lat_max: 0 lat_min: -85 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Nimbus-7 SMMR Derived Monthly Global Snow Cover and Snow Depth native_id: NSIDC-0024 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2003-06-11T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1978-11-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0024 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0024 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "This data set consists of AVHRR imagery selected from hard copy 'quick look' images to provide the best coverage possible over the Arctic approximately every three days for a three-year period. Level-1B data from NOAA/SDSD have been calibrated and mapped to earth locations, then gridded to 1 km pixels on a basin scale to the polar stereographic projection. The projection is similar to that used by NSIDC to produce DMSP SSM/I polar brightness temperature and sea ice products. Each image was ranked for areal coverage of particular seas and for degree of cloud coverage. Passes covering a large area are generally favored over shorter passes with less cloud cover. The data set was developed in support of the Office Of Naval Research Arctic Leads Accelerated Research Initiative (Arctic Leads ARI). The aim of the Initiative was to develop a more thorough understanding of the oceanography, meteorology, and ice dynamics surrounding formation and evolution of leads in sea ice. The leads ARI field experiment took place from March to April 1992. A spreadsheet containing the image rankings is available in hard copy (NOARL Tech. Note 118, April 1991); paper copies of the spreadsheet are available on request. Data set information is available on-line. Data are available via FTP." description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.5067/UEMKN8TUNYKI end_time: 1989-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0026.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0026 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 60 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: AVHRR Leads-ARI Polar Gridded Brightness Temperatures native_id: NSIDC-0026 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2003-05-15T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1988-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0026 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0026 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'The TIROS-N Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) Polar Pathfinder (Path-P) data set consists of gridded daily and monthly Arctic and Antarctic atmospheric data derived from various NOAA satellites. TOVS Path-P daily files are available for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres from 60 degrees poleward at 100 km gridded spatial resolution in an Equal-Area Scalable Earth Grid (EASE-Grid). TOVS Path-P monthly files are available for the Northern Hemisphere only from 60 degrees poleward at 100 km gridded spatial resolution in EASE-Grid. Daily and monthly Northern Hemisphere data are available from January 1979 through current processing, and daily Southern Hemisphere data are available from July 1979 through current processing. Data were created from a modified version of the Improved Initialization Inversion Algorithm (3I) (Chedin et al. 1985), a physical-statistical retrieval method improved for use in identifying geophysical variables in snow- and ice-covered areas (Francis 1994). Variables retrieved from satellite-observed radiances for this product include atmospheric temperature, water vapor, skin surface temperature, total effective cloud fraction, cloud top pressure and temperature, solar zenith elevation, surface pressure, turning angle between geostrophic wind and surface stress over ice, emissivity, boundary layer stratification, and geostrophic drag coefficient. The algorithm used to generate these grids has been validated through comparisons with surface observations from the North Pole drifting meteorological stations (Schweiger et al. 1999). The complete TOVS data set is available via FTP in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF). Users may also order subsets of the data for any of the parameters listed above or for specific spatial or temporal coverage. Data users are encouraged to register before accessing the TOVS data. Registered users automatically receive release notes via e-mail containing notification of data manipulation or formatting modifications.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/ease/ doi: 10.5067/7L44Z9QVXUNL end_time: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0027.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0027 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 60 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: TOVS Pathfinder Path-P Daily and Monthly Polar Gridded Atmospheric Parameters native_id: NSIDC-0027 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 1999-09-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1979-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0027 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0027 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'These sea ice concentrations have been generated by applying the NASA Team algorithm to DMSP F8 SSM/I brightness temperature observations from 19 GHz (vertical and horizontal), 37- and 22 GHz vertical frequencies, calculating two gradients for use as weather filters. Global coverage is provided, but sea ice concentrations are only derived for ocean, ice, and possible ice surfaces poleward of 35 degrees latitude, from 1 August 1987 through 30 November 1988. In the Northern Hemisphere, where data are not filtered due to weather effects, first-year and multi-year concentrations (in percent) are calculated; total ice concentration is taken as the sum of these two. Only total ice is calculated for the Southern Hemisphere. 25 km swath data are in HDF, available via FTP.' description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.5067/ZEG3A0P0EGQV end_time: 1988-11-30T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0028.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0028 lat_max: -35 lat_min: -88 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: DMSP-F8 SSM/I Pathfinder Global Level 2 Sea Ice Concentrations native_id: NSIDC-0028 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2003-12-23T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1987-08-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0028 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0028 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'This Level-3 Equal-Area Scalable Earth-Grid (EASE-Grid) Brightness Temperature data set, collected since 09 July 1987, is a part of the NOAA/NASA Pathfinder Program. The data set consists of gridded data from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) in three equal-area projections: Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, and full global. The data gridding technique maximizes the radiometric integrity of the original brightness temperature values, maintains high spatial and temporal precision, and involves no averaging of original swath data. Spatial coverage is global and a spatial resolution of 25 km is available for all channels. Channels at 85 and 91 GHz are also provided at 12.5 km. For a given projection, there are 18 brightness temperature files per day and two corresponding time files. Data are contained in flat binary files and are available via FTP as processing is completed.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/ease/ doi: 10.5067/3EX2U1DV3434 end_time: 2014-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0032.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0032 lat_max: 90 lat_min: -90 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Pathfinder Daily EASE-Grid Brightness Temperatures native_id: NSIDC-0032 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 1994-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1987-07-09T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0032 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0032 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'A gridded climatological monthly-mean data base of Arctic water vapor characteristics has been assembled by combining fixed station data with data from soundings taken over the Arctic Ocean from ships and Russian drifting stations. Variables provided include temperature, specific humidity, zonal vapor flux, meridional vapor flux, zonal wind speed, and meridional wind speed, available for 15 levels extending from the surface and then at every 50 mb from 950 mb to 300 mb; sea level pressure and geopotential height, available at 850 mb, 700 mb, 500 mb and 300 mb; and precipitable water, vertically integrated zonal vapor flux and vertically integrated meridional vapor flux, available for five layers, surface to 850 mb, 850 to 700 mb, 700 to 500 mb, 500 to 400 mb and 400 to 300 mb. Coverage of the rawinsonde archives extends from 1945 through 1990 for data from the Russian North Pole series of drifting ice stations over the Arctic Ocean; from 1976 through 1991 for fixed-station data obtained from the National Center for Atmospheric Research; and from about 1958 through 1991 for fixed-station data obtained from the Historical Arctic Rawinsonde Archive. All variables were obtained through interpolation of the raw sounding data, with the exception of sea level pressure and geopotential height. The file, available via ftp, is structured in monthly data arrays over a subsection of the National Meteorological Center grid (octagonal grid format) centered over the pole, extending to approximately 65 degrees North on each side and about 55 degrees North at the corners.' description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.5067/OT8OC3DBY70R end_time: ~ href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0033.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0033 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 65 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Arctic Water Vapor Characteristics from Rawinsondes native_id: NSIDC-0033 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2011-09-29T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1954-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0033 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0033 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "The Nimbus-7 SMMR Pathfinder Brightness Temperatures data set contains global brightness temperatures in swath format (level 1b) from 25 October 1978 to 20 August 1987. The instrument obtained near-global coverage at five frequencies (6.6, 10.7, 18, 21, and 37 GHz) in both horizontal and vertical polarizations, at a constant incidence angle of 50.3 degrees, every six days. Data are stored as daily orbit files in compressed Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) and are available on FTP. The Nimbus-7 SMMR Level 1B Pathfinder data set was created at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) from a level 1A 'TAT' data set provided by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GFSC). The SMMR operated continuously from 25 Oct 1978 through 16 November 1987, at which time it began alernate-day operation. The processed level 1B SMMR data are stored as orbit files in HDF format. Each level 1B orbit file covers a time period of approximately 104.16 minutes. The file size for an uncompressed orbit file is approximately 4.3 megabytes. The total volume of the level 1B data set is approximately 70 gigabytes (compressed)." description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.5067/7Y1XWXT07HH8 end_time: 1987-08-20T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0036.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0036 lat_max: 84 lat_min: -84 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Nimbus-7 SMMR Pathfinder Brightness Temperatures native_id: NSIDC-0036 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2003-06-11T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1978-10-25T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0036 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0036 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "The SMMR Antenna Temperatures (Nimbus-7) data set consists of antenna temperatures from passive microwave radiometers aboard NOAA's Nimbus-7 satellite. The instrument is the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR). Each file consists of one days worth of data in swath format, i.e. the portion of the Earth's surface viewed by the scanning radiometer. Antenna temperature data are available from NSIDC from October 1978 to August 1987. SMMR was a ten channel passive microwave instrument using six conventional Dicke-type radiometers. It delivered orthogonally polarized antenna temperature data at five frequencies (6.6, 10.69, 18.0 21.0 and 37.0 GHz). The two 37.0 GHz radiometers operated continuously for each polarization. The other radiometers alternated polarizations on alternate scans. The size of each daily file is 35 MBytes. The data are distributed on FTP. Copies of the data format description are available upon request from NSIDC. The scanner operated only on alternate days, due to spacecraft power limitations. There are typically at least 14 days of coverage per month, although major data gaps occur in August: in August, 1982, the 4th, 8th, and 16th are missing for both polar regions; in August, 1984, the 13th through the 23rd are missing for both polar regions." description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.5067/C8ZJDDHZAS59 end_time: 1987-08-20T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0037.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0037 lat_max: 84 lat_min: -84 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Nimbus-7 SMMR Antenna Temperatures native_id: NSIDC-0037 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2003-06-11T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1978-10-25T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0037 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0037 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'The Pathfinder Program, sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), is tasked to produce long-term data sets for global change research. The Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) Pathfinder Level 2 Land Products data set has been generated using the land classification algorithms developed by Neale, and the land surface temperature algorithms developed by McFarland. This data set includes both the land classification and land surface temperature products. The Pathfinder Level 2 Land Products data set is in swath format. Coverage is global land surface, and covers 1 August 1987 through 31 March 1988. Data are available via ftp on request. The SSM/I Pathfinder Level 3 Land Products data set has been generated using the Level 2 data described above. The Level 2 data were interpolated to a longitude-latitude grid with a resolution of one degree. For the Benchmark Period, the data were averaged over periods of five days (a pentad) or one month, although, for the land classification product, the most commonly occurring land class (the mode of the distribution within each bin) was chosen as the class for that bin and for the period. The data set, including both pentad and monthly grids, covers 1 August 1987 through 31 December 1988.' description_attribution: ~ doi: 10.5067/7PSBCNNBS8TE end_time: 1988-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0042.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0042 lat_max: 88 lat_min: -88 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: DMSP-F8 SSM/I Pathfinder Land Surface Products native_id: NSIDC-0042 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2003-05-16T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1987-08-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0042 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0042 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'The Northern Hemisphere EASE-Grid 2.0 Weekly Snow Cover and Sea Ice Extent Version 4 product combine snow cover and sea ice extent at weekly intervals from 23 October 1978 through 29 June 2014, and snow cover alone from 03 October 1966 through 29 June 2014. Snow cover extent for this data set is based on the NOAA/NCDC Climate Data Record (CDR) of Northern Hemisphere (NH) Snow Cover Extent (SCE) by D. Robinson (2012) and regridded to the EASE-Grid. The NOAA/NCDC CDR of Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent data were derived from the manual interpretation of AVHRR, GOES, and other visible-band satellite data (Helfrich et al. 2007). Sea ice extent is regridded to EASE-Grid from Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data. Designed to facilitate study of Northern Hemisphere seasonal fluctuations of snow cover and sea ice extent, the data set also includes monthly climatologies describing average extent, probability of occurrence, and variance. Data are provided in flat, unsigned binary files and are available via FTP.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/ease/ doi: 10.5067/P7O0HGJLYUQU end_time: 2014-06-29T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0046.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0046 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 0 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Northern Hemisphere EASE-Grid 2.0 Weekly Snow Cover and Sea Ice Extent native_id: NSIDC-0046 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 2013-02-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1966-10-03T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0046 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0046 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "NOTE: This data set has been replaced by the Sea Ice Charts of the Russian Arctic in Gridded Format, 1933-2006 data set. These gridded ice charts represent a reformatting of information contained in another data set, the Russian Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute's (AARI) 10 Day Digital Arctic Sea Ice Charts. AARI digitized Arctic sea ice concentration and stage of development charts as part of an international data exchange program. The AARI source charts, similar to operational charts distributed by the National Ice Center describing ice type and constitution, were developed from aircraft and satellite observations for shipping purposes, and provide extremely detailed information. Such data are particularly valued in process studies tracking the growth and recession of polynyas, or for looking at the preponderance of ice at certain stages of development in a particular area. NSIDC does not maintain the operational charts, but archives the AARI digitized version. However, the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) 10 Day Digital Arctic Sea Ice Charts were encoded in SIGRID (Sea Ice Grid) format, which assigns numerical values to ice parameters and records them at specific lat/lon grid points. But due to the difficulties of visualizing, extracting and working with data in SIGRID, NSIDC is now providing AARI data in NSIDC's Equal Area SSM/I Earth Grid. The EASE-Grid format makes it especially easy to compare observed ice concentrations or ice types with the same parameters derived from satellite data (such as ice concentrations from passive microwave sensors). AARI sea ice data in the EASE-Grid projection are gridded at a 12.5 km resolution, for both Western (24W to 110E) and Eastern (105E to 130W) sectors . Data extend from 1953 through 1990, and are available via ftp in compressed tar format. Postscript (.ps) files depicting coverage per year are also provided with the data." description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/g02176.html doi: 10.5067/IRDA4VOE1H26 end_time: 1990-12-30T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0050.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0050 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 68 lon_max: 110 lon_min: -24 name: AARI 10-Day Arctic Ocean EASE-Grid Sea Ice Observations native_id: NSIDC-0050 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 1997-06-15T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1953-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0050 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0050 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: 'This data set is generated from brightness temperature data derived from the following sensors: the Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) -F8, -F11 and -F13 Special Sensor Microwave/Imagers (SSM/Is), and the DMSP-F17 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS). The data are provided in the polar stereographic projection at a grid cell size of 25 x 25 km. This product is designed to provide a consistent time series of sea ice concentrations (the fraction, or percentage, of ocean area covered by sea ice) spanning the coverage of several passive microwave instruments. To aid in this goal, sea ice algorithm coefficients are changed to reduce differences in sea ice extent and area as estimated using the SMMR and SSM/I sensors. The data are generated using the NASA Team algorithm developed by the Oceans and Ice Branch, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). These data include gridded daily (every other day for SMMR data) and monthly averaged sea ice concentrations for both the north and south polar regions. The data are produced at GSFC about once per year, with roughly a one-year latency, and include data since 26 October 1978. Data are produced from SMMR brightness temperature data processed at NASA GSFC and from SSM/I and SSMIS brightness temperature data processed at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Data are scaled and stored as one-byte integers in flat binary arrays. For each data file, a corresponding PNG browse image file is provided. Data are available via FTP.' description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0081.html doi: 10.5067/8GQ8LZQVL0VL end_time: 2014-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0051.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0051 lat_max: 90 lat_min: 30.98 lon_max: 180 lon_min: -180 name: Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data native_id: NSIDC-0051 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 1996-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1978-10-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0051 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0051 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "The Digital SAR Mosaic and Elevation Map of the Greenland Ice Sheet CD-ROM combines the most detailed synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image mosaic available with the best current digital elevation model. The mosaic image shows both the location of the ice edge and the distribution of melt-related 'scatterers' on the surface. These scatterers include ice lenses and complex layered structure in the percolation zone and bare ice of the ablation zone. Other melt-related features that can be seen include lake and surface meltwater stream channels at lower elevations, as well as ice-marginal lakes. This characterization of the ice sheet provides a reference against which future change can be measured. Changing conditions resulting from climatic variation should show up as changes in the ice margin and shifts in the hydrologic zones. It is hoped that the standard reference provided by this data set can facilitate activities aimed at change detection and promote other work aimed at understanding the processes operating on the ice sheet. The image data are derived from SAR image swaths acquired by the ERS-1 satellite during August of 1992. The mosaic was assembled at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Its component images are a copyrighted product of the European Space Agency. The mosaic, a value-added derived product, is available to individuals and non-profit organizations for research oriented purposes only. The Danish geodetic and cadastral agency Kort-og Matrikelstyrelsen (KMS) compiled the elevation data provided with the product from a number of sources, including field surveys, aerial photographs, and the ERS-1 radar altimeter. The elevation data are also provided only to individuals and non-profit organizations for research oriented purposes. Included with the data is NSIDC's limb (large image map browser) software, which was developed in-house and allows UNIX users to easily select and view portions of the mosaic image with elevation contours derived from the elevation data overlain. Limb is provided as 'freeware' for general use. NSIDC distributes the Digital SAR Mosaic and Elevation Map of the Greenland Ice Sheet on CD-ROM at no charge." description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/dems/index.html doi: 10.5067/WZMPK0L17X7N end_time: 1995-12-31T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0052.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0052 lat_max: 84 lat_min: 60 lon_max: -10 lon_min: -73 name: Digital SAR Mosaic and Elevation Map of the Greenland Ice Sheet native_id: NSIDC-0052 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 1997-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1991-01-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0052 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0052 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~ - access_dt: ~ attributes: ~ cite_metadata: ~ data_qualifier: ~ description: "Note: This data set is now on FTP so references to CD-ROM are historic and no longer applicable.
The Ice Altimetry System (IAS) data seet contains surface elevations of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets derived from Seasat and GEOSAT radar altimetry data. The Seasat data were collected for a continuous 90 days in 1978, at latitudes between 72 degrees South and 72 degrees North. GEOSAT was launched in 1985 and placed in a nearly identical orbit to Seasat, also at latitudes of between 72 degrees South and 72 degrees North. The orbit was designed to provide high-density measurements over the Earth's surface, at a maximum grid spacing of 2.7 kilometers at the equator and much denser spacing over polar ice sheets. Data were acquired between April 1985 and September 1986. Initially acquired by the Johns Hopkins APL (Applied Physics Lab) satellite tracking facility, the raw altimetry satellite data from Seasat and GEOSAT were passed on to NASA, via the US Navy. NASA developed slope correction routines for the higher slopes over the ice sheets, relative to ocean surfaces. The data are height profile Level 3 data and gridded height Level 4 data provided by the Oceans and Ice branch of the Laboratory for Hydrospheric Physics of Goddard Space Flight Center. Elevations from the full data rate (i.e., one measurement every 662.5 m) are provided in georeferenced databases. These elevations are relative to the WGS-84 ellipsoid. Gridded elevations at 10-kilometer and 20-kilometer spacing are provided in the gridded data sets created from the GEOSAT and Seasat data, respectively. Software to extract and browse subsets of these data is included. The IAS software also allows the user to view contours created from the gridded data and groundtracks of the full-rate data." description_attribution: http://nsidc.org/data/dems/index.html doi: 10.5067/MTIF60G86H86 end_time: 1986-09-30T00:00:00 href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0053.yaml identifier: nasa-nsidcdaac-0053 lat_max: 72 lat_min: 60 lon_max: -20 lon_min: -60 name: Seasat and GEOSAT Altimetry for the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets native_id: NSIDC-0053 processing_level: ~ publication_year: ~ release_dt: 1997-01-01T00:00:00 scale: ~ scope: ~ spatial_extent: ~ spatial_ref_sys: ~ spatial_res: ~ start_time: 1978-06-01T00:00:00 temporal_extent: ~ temporal_resolution: ~ type: ~ uri: /dataset/nasa-nsidcdaac-0053 url: http://nsidc.org/data/NSIDC-0053 variables: ~ version: ~ vertical_extent: ~