---
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  - publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/finding/increased-risk-of-foodborne-illness
    publication_type: finding
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  - publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses
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  - publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution
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contributors: []
description: 'Exposure to waterborne and foodborne pathogens can occur via drinking water (associated with   fecal contamination), seafood (due to natural microbial hazards, toxins, or wastewater disposal) or   fresh produce (irrigated or processed with contaminated water). Weather influences the transport   and dissemination of these microbial agents via rainfall and runoff and the survival and/or growth   through such factors as temperature. Federal and state laws and regulatory programs protect much   of the U.S. population from waterborne disease; however, if climate variability increases, current   and future deficiencies in areas such as watershed protection, infrastructure, and storm drainage   systems will probably increase the risk of contamination events. Knowledge about transport   processes and the fate of microbial pollutants associated with rainfall and snowmelt is key to   predicting risks from a change in weather variability. Although recent studies identified links   between climate variability and occurrence of microbial agents in water, the relationships need   further quantification in the context of other stresses. In the marine environment as well, there are   few studies that adequately address the potential health effects of climate variability in combination   with other stresses such as overfishing, introduced species, and rise in sea level. Advances in   monitoring are necessary to enhance early-warning and prevention capabilities. Application of   existing technologies, such as molecular fingerprinting to track contaminant sources or satellite   remote sensing to detect coastal algal blooms, could be expanded. This assessment recommends   incorporating a range of future scenarios of improvement plans for current deficiencies in the public   health infrastructure to achieve more realistic risk assessments. Key words: cholera, climate   change, climate variability, cryptosporidiosis, E. coli, foodborne diseases, global warming, shellfish   poisoning, waterborne diseases '
display_name: 'Climate variability and change in the United States: Potential impacts on water- and foodborne diseases caused by microbiologic agents'
doi: ~
files: []
href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/pmid-1240668.yaml
identifier: pmid-1240668
journal_identifier: environmental-health-perspectives
journal_pages: 211-221
journal_vol: 109 Suppl 2
notes: ~
parents:
  - display_name: "Finding 6.3 of 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment'"
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  - display_name: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment'
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    uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
  - display_name: "Finding 7.1 of 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment'"
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    uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution/finding/increased-risk-of-foodborne-illness
  - display_name: "Chapter 6: Climate Impacts on Water-Related Illnesses (in 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment')"
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    uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses
  - display_name: "Chapter 7: Food Safety, Nutrition, and Distribution (in 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment')"
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    uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/food-safety-nutrition-and-distribution
references: []
title: 'Climate variability and change in the United States: Potential impacts on water- and foodborne diseases caused by microbiologic agents'
type: article
uri: /article/pmid-1240668
url: 'http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1240668/pdf/ehp109s-000211.pdf '
year: 2001