--- cited_by: - publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses/finding/seasonal-geographic-changes-waternborne-illness-risk publication_type: finding reference: /reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54 - publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses publication_type: chapter reference: /reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54 - publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 publication_type: report reference: /reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54 contributors: - display_name: 'Author : Brett Froelich (The University of North Carolina at Charlotte) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22900.yaml id: 22900 organization: country_code: US display_name: The University of North Carolina at Charlotte identifier: university-north-carolina-charlotte name: The University of North Carolina at Charlotte organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: http://www.uncc.edu/ organization_uri: /organization/university-north-carolina-charlotte person: display_name: Brett Froelich first_name: Brett id: 11629 last_name: Froelich middle_name: ~ orcid: 0000-0003-0402-2357 type: person url: http://noble.web.unc.edu/team/brett-froelich/ person_id: 11629 person_uri: /person/11629 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22900 - display_name: 'Author : Tiffany Williams (The University of North Carolina at Charlotte) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22901.yaml id: 22901 organization: country_code: US display_name: The University of North Carolina at Charlotte identifier: university-north-carolina-charlotte name: The University of North Carolina at Charlotte organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: http://www.uncc.edu/ organization_uri: /organization/university-north-carolina-charlotte person: display_name: Tiffany Williams first_name: Tiffany id: 11849 last_name: Williams middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: ~ person_id: 11849 person_uri: /person/11849 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22901 - display_name: 'Author : Rachel T. Noble (The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institute of Marine Sciences) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22903.yaml id: 22903 organization: country_code: US display_name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institute of Marine Sciences identifier: university-north-carolina-chapel-hill-institute-marine-sciences name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Institute of Marine Sciences organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: http://ims.unc.edu/ organization_uri: /organization/university-north-carolina-chapel-hill-institute-marine-sciences person: display_name: Rachel T. Noble first_name: Rachel T. id: 11851 last_name: Noble middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://ims.unc.edu/home/people/noble/ person_id: 11851 person_uri: /person/11851 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22903 - display_name: 'Author : James D. Oliver (The University of North Carolina at Charlotte) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22904.yaml id: 22904 organization: country_code: US display_name: The University of North Carolina at Charlotte identifier: university-north-carolina-charlotte name: The University of North Carolina at Charlotte organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: http://www.uncc.edu/ organization_uri: /organization/university-north-carolina-charlotte person: display_name: James D. Oliver first_name: James D. id: 11850 last_name: Oliver middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: https://clas-pages.uncc.edu/jim-oliver/ person_id: 11850 person_uri: /person/11850 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22904 description: 'Despite years of successful isolation of Vibrio vulnificus from estuarine waters, beginning in 2007, it was extremely difficult to culture V. vulnificus from either North Carolina estuarine water or oyster samples. After employing culture-based methods as well as PCR and quantitative PCR for the detection of V. vulnificus, always with negative results, we concluded that this pathogen had become nearly undetectable in the North Carolina estuarine ecosystem. We ensured that the techniques were sound by seeding North Carolina oysters with V. vulnificus and performing the same tests as those previously conducted on unadulterated oysters. V. vulnificus was readily detected in the seeded oysters using both classes of methods. Furthermore, oysters were obtained from the Gulf of Mexico, and V. vulnificus was easily isolated, confirming that the methodology was sound but that the oysters and waters of North Carolina were lacking the V. vulnificus population studied for decades. Strikingly, the apparent loss of detectable V. vulnificuscoincided with the most severe drought in the history of North Carolina. The drought continued until the end of 2009, with an elevated water column salinity being observed throughout this period and with V. vulnificus being nearly nonexistent. When salinities returned to normal after the drought abated in 2010, we were again able to routinely isolate V. vulnificus from the water column, although we were still unable to culture it from oysters. We suggest that the oysters were colonized with a more salt-tolerant bacterium during the drought, which displaced V. vulnificus and may be preventing recolonization. ' display_name: Apparent loss of Vibrio vulnificus from North Carolina oysters coincides with a drought-induced increase in salinity doi: 10.1128/aem.07855-11 files: [] href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/10.1128/aem.07855-11.yaml identifier: 10.1128/aem.07855-11 journal_identifier: applied-environmental-microbiology journal_pages: 3885-3889 journal_vol: 78 notes: ~ parents: - display_name: "Finding 6.1 of 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment'" reference: /reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54 relationship: cito:isCitedBy uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses/finding/seasonal-geographic-changes-waternborne-illness-risk - display_name: "Chapter 6: Climate Impacts on Water-Related Illnesses (in 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment')" reference: /reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54 relationship: cito:isCitedBy uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses - display_name: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' reference: /reference/226d31a2-0831-48a5-b8fd-f1093c62db54 relationship: cito:isCitedBy uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 references: [] title: Apparent loss of Vibrio vulnificus from North Carolina oysters coincides with a drought-induced increase in salinity type: article uri: /article/10.1128/aem.07855-11 url: ~ year: 2012