--- cited_by: - publication: /report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles publication_type: chapter reference: /reference/5fdca82e-89fd-42db-925f-b4e78642a1ec - publication: /report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/finding/human-increased-element-levels publication_type: finding reference: /reference/5fdca82e-89fd-42db-925f-b4e78642a1ec - publication: /report/nca3 publication_type: report reference: /reference/5fdca82e-89fd-42db-925f-b4e78642a1ec contributors: - display_name: 'Author : Paul G. Falkowski (Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/19448.yaml id: 19448 organization: country_code: US display_name: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences identifier: institute-marine-coastal-sciences name: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: http://marine.rutgers.edu organization_uri: /organization/institute-marine-coastal-sciences person: display_name: Paul G. Falkowski first_name: Paul G. id: 5628 last_name: Falkowski middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://molbiosci.rutgers.edu/faculty/falkowski.html person_id: 5628 person_uri: /person/5628 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/19448 - display_name: 'Author : Robert J. Scholes (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Environment Division) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22064.yaml id: 22064 organization: country_code: ZA display_name: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Environment Division identifier: council-scientific-industrial-research-environment-division name: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Environment Division organization_type_identifier: research type: organization url: ~ organization_uri: /organization/council-scientific-industrial-research-environment-division person: display_name: Robert J. Scholes first_name: Robert J. id: 5524 last_name: Scholes middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://www.csir.co.za/nre/coupled_land_water_and_marine_ecosystems/staff_scholes.html person_id: 5524 person_uri: /person/5524 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22064 - display_name: 'Author : Edward Boyle (Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/19449.yaml id: 19449 organization: country_code: US display_name: 'Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences' identifier: massachusetts-institute-technology-department-earth-atmospheric-planetary-sciences name: 'Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences' organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: http://eapsweb.mit.edu/ organization_uri: /organization/massachusetts-institute-technology-department-earth-atmospheric-planetary-sciences person: display_name: Edward Boyle first_name: Edward id: 11053 last_name: Boyle middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: https://eapsweb.mit.edu/people/eaboyle person_id: 11053 person_uri: /person/11053 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/19449 - display_name: 'Author : Josep G. Canadell (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Wildlife and Ecology) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22058.yaml id: 22058 organization: country_code: AU display_name: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Wildlife and Ecology identifier: commonwealth-scientific-industrial-research-organisation-wildlife-ecology name: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Wildlife and Ecology organization_type_identifier: research type: organization url: ~ organization_uri: /organization/commonwealth-scientific-industrial-research-organisation-wildlife-ecology person: display_name: Josep G. Canadell first_name: Josep G. id: 3894 last_name: Canadell middle_name: ~ orcid: 0000-0002-8788-3218 type: person url: http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/who_is_who/pep_canadell.htm person_id: 3894 person_uri: /person/3894 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22058 - display_name: 'Author : Josep G. Canadell (Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems International Project Office) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/17077.yaml id: 17077 organization: country_code: AU display_name: Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems International Project Office identifier: global-change-terrestrial-ecosystems-international-project-office name: Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems International Project Office organization_type_identifier: research type: organization url: ~ organization_uri: /organization/global-change-terrestrial-ecosystems-international-project-office person: display_name: Josep G. Canadell first_name: Josep G. id: 3894 last_name: Canadell middle_name: ~ orcid: 0000-0002-8788-3218 type: person url: http://www.globalcarbonproject.org/who_is_who/pep_canadell.htm person_id: 3894 person_uri: /person/3894 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/17077 - display_name: 'Author : Donald Canfield (Odense University Institute of Biological Sciences) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22056.yaml id: 22056 organization: country_code: DK display_name: Odense University Institute of Biological Sciences identifier: odense-university-institute-biological-sciences name: Odense University Institute of Biological Sciences organization_type_identifier: research type: organization url: ~ organization_uri: /organization/odense-university-institute-biological-sciences person: display_name: Donald Canfield first_name: Donald id: 11737 last_name: Canfield middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://findresearcher.sdu.dk:8080/portal/en/person/Dec person_id: 11737 person_uri: /person/11737 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22056 - display_name: 'Author : James J. Elser (Arizona State University Department of Zoology) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22055.yaml id: 22055 organization: country_code: US display_name: Arizona State University Department of Zoology identifier: arizona-state-university-department-zoology name: Arizona State University Department of Zoology organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: ~ organization_uri: /organization/arizona-state-university-department-zoology person: display_name: James J. Elser first_name: James J. id: 7278 last_name: Elser middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: https://sustainability.asu.edu/person/james-elser/ person_id: 7278 person_uri: /person/7278 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22055 - display_name: 'Author : Nicolas Gruber (University of California, Los Angeles Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/17498.yaml id: 17498 organization: country_code: US display_name: 'University of California, Los Angeles Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics' identifier: university-california-los-angeles-institute-geophysics-planetary-physics name: 'University of California, Los Angeles Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics' organization_type_identifier: research type: organization url: http://www.igpp.ucla.edu/history_organization.php organization_uri: /organization/university-california-los-angeles-institute-geophysics-planetary-physics person: display_name: Nicolas Gruber first_name: Nicolas id: 5597 last_name: Gruber middle_name: ~ orcid: 0000-0002-2085-2310 type: person url: http://www.up.ethz.ch/people/ngruber person_id: 5597 person_uri: /person/5597 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/17498 - display_name: 'Author : Nicolas Gruber (University of California, Los Angeles Department of Atmospheric Sciences) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22057.yaml id: 22057 organization: country_code: US display_name: 'University of California, Los Angeles Department of Atmospheric Sciences' identifier: university-california-los-angeles-department-atmospheric-sciences name: 'University of California, Los Angeles Department of Atmospheric Sciences' organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: ~ organization_uri: /organization/university-california-los-angeles-department-atmospheric-sciences person: display_name: Nicolas Gruber first_name: Nicolas id: 5597 last_name: Gruber middle_name: ~ orcid: 0000-0002-2085-2310 type: person url: http://www.up.ethz.ch/people/ngruber person_id: 5597 person_uri: /person/5597 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22057 - display_name: 'Author : Kathy Hibbard (University of New Hampshire Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22059.yaml id: 22059 organization: country_code: US display_name: 'University of New Hampshire Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space' identifier: university-new-hampshire-institute-study-earth-oceans-space name: 'University of New Hampshire Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space' organization_type_identifier: research type: organization url: http://www.eos.unh.edu/ organization_uri: /organization/university-new-hampshire-institute-study-earth-oceans-space person: display_name: Kathy Hibbard first_name: Kathy id: 831 last_name: Hibbard middle_name: ~ orcid: 0000-0003-2278-4064 type: person url: http://www.pnnl.gov/science/staff/staff_info.asp?staff_num=7439 person_id: 831 person_uri: /person/831 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22059 - display_name: 'Author : Peter Högberg (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Ecology) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22061.yaml id: 22061 organization: country_code: SE display_name: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Ecology identifier: swedish-university-agricultural-sciences-department-forest-ecology name: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Forest Ecology organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: ~ organization_uri: /organization/swedish-university-agricultural-sciences-department-forest-ecology person: display_name: Peter Högberg first_name: Peter id: 11739 last_name: Högberg middle_name: ~ orcid: 0000-0002-2849-2719 type: person url: http://www.slu.se/en/about-slu/organisation-university-board-and-vice-chancellor/vice-chancellor/peter-hogberg/ person_id: 11739 person_uri: /person/11739 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22061 - display_name: 'Author : Sune Linder (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Production Ecology) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22060.yaml id: 22060 organization: country_code: SE display_name: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Production Ecology identifier: swedish-university-agricultural-sciences-department-production-ecology name: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Production Ecology organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: http://www.slu.se/en/departments/crop-production-ecology/ organization_uri: /organization/swedish-university-agricultural-sciences-department-production-ecology person: display_name: Sune Linder first_name: Sune id: 11738 last_name: Linder middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://www.slu.se/en/about-slu/contact-slu/search/search-employee/person-presentation/?emp=75C534D16402D6DDDF7F5A8E1EC393ED person_id: 11738 person_uri: /person/11738 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22060 - display_name: "Author : Fred T. Mackenzie (University of Hawai'i at Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology) " href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22051.yaml id: 22051 organization: country_code: US display_name: University of Hawai'i at Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology identifier: university-hawaii-manoa-school-ocean-earth-science-technology name: University of Hawai'i at Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/ organization_uri: /organization/university-hawaii-manoa-school-ocean-earth-science-technology person: display_name: Fred T. Mackenzie first_name: Fred T. id: 5978 last_name: Mackenzie middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/oceanography/faculty/mackenzie.html person_id: 5978 person_uri: /person/5978 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22051 - display_name: 'Author : Berrien Moore III (University of New Hampshire Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/13703.yaml id: 13703 organization: country_code: US display_name: 'University of New Hampshire Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space' identifier: university-new-hampshire-institute-study-earth-oceans-space name: 'University of New Hampshire Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space' organization_type_identifier: research type: organization url: http://www.eos.unh.edu/ organization_uri: /organization/university-new-hampshire-institute-study-earth-oceans-space person: display_name: Berrien Moore III first_name: Berrien id: 5437 last_name: Moore III middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://parker.ou.edu/~bmoore/ person_id: 5437 person_uri: /person/5437 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/13703 - display_name: 'Author : Tom Pedersen (University of British Columbia Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22053.yaml id: 22053 organization: country_code: CA display_name: University of British Columbia Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences identifier: university-british-columbia-department-earth-ocean-sciences name: University of British Columbia Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: ~ organization_uri: /organization/university-british-columbia-department-earth-ocean-sciences person: display_name: Tom Pedersen first_name: Tom id: 11735 last_name: Pedersen middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://web.uvic.ca/~tfp/People.html person_id: 11735 person_uri: /person/11735 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22053 - display_name: 'Author : Yair Rosenthal (Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22062.yaml id: 22062 organization: country_code: US display_name: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences identifier: institute-marine-coastal-sciences name: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: http://marine.rutgers.edu organization_uri: /organization/institute-marine-coastal-sciences person: display_name: Yair Rosenthal first_name: Yair id: 5664 last_name: Rosenthal middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://rosenthal.marine.rutgers.edu/ person_id: 5664 person_uri: /person/5664 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22062 - display_name: 'Author : Sybil P. Seitzinger (Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22063.yaml id: 22063 organization: country_code: US display_name: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences identifier: institute-marine-coastal-sciences name: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences organization_type_identifier: academic type: organization url: http://marine.rutgers.edu organization_uri: /organization/institute-marine-coastal-sciences person: display_name: Sybil P. Seitzinger first_name: Sybil P. id: 9007 last_name: Seitzinger middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://www.igbp.net/people/igbpsecretariat/sybilseitzinger.4.57b1bf74133dc13fe9980003.html person_id: 9007 person_uri: /person/9007 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22063 - display_name: 'Author : Victor Smetacek (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22054.yaml id: 22054 organization: country_code: DE display_name: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research identifier: alfred-wegener-institute-polar-marine-research name: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research organization_type_identifier: research type: organization url: https://www.awi.de/en.html organization_uri: /organization/alfred-wegener-institute-polar-marine-research person: display_name: Victor Smetacek first_name: Victor id: 11736 last_name: Smetacek middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://www.awi.de/en/about-us/organisation/staff/victor-smetacek.html person_id: 11736 person_uri: /person/11736 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22054 - display_name: 'Author : Will L. Steffen (International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Secretariat) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/22052.yaml id: 22052 organization: country_code: ~ display_name: International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Secretariat identifier: international-geosphere-biosphere-programme-secretariat name: International Geosphere Biosphere Programme Secretariat organization_type_identifier: international type: organization url: http://www.igbp.net/people/igbpsecretariat.4.950c2fa1495db7081e18661.html organization_uri: /organization/international-geosphere-biosphere-programme-secretariat person: display_name: Will L. Steffen first_name: Will L. id: 10491 last_name: Steffen middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://www.stockholmresilience.org/21/contact/staff/8-24-2009-steffen.html person_id: 10491 person_uri: /person/10491 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/22052 - display_name: 'Author : Will L. Steffen (Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/15991.yaml id: 15991 organization: country_code: SE display_name: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences identifier: royal-swedish-academy-sciences name: Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences organization_type_identifier: professional society/organization type: organization url: http://www.kva.se/en/ organization_uri: /organization/royal-swedish-academy-sciences person: display_name: Will L. Steffen first_name: Will L. id: 10491 last_name: Steffen middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://www.stockholmresilience.org/21/contact/staff/8-24-2009-steffen.html person_id: 10491 person_uri: /person/10491 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/15991 description: ~ display_name: 'The Global Carbon Cycle: A Test of Our Knowledge of Earth as a System' doi: 10.1126/science.290.5490.291 files: [] href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/10.1126/science.290.5490.291.yaml identifier: 10.1126/science.290.5490.291 journal_identifier: science journal_pages: 291-296 journal_vol: 290 notes: ~ parents: - display_name: 'NCA3 Chapter 15: Biogeochemical Cycles' reference: /reference/5fdca82e-89fd-42db-925f-b4e78642a1ec relationship: cito:isCitedBy uri: /report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles - display_name: NCA3 Finding 15.1 reference: /reference/5fdca82e-89fd-42db-925f-b4e78642a1ec relationship: cito:isCitedBy uri: /report/nca3/chapter/biogeochemical-cycles/finding/human-increased-element-levels - display_name: 'Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment' reference: /reference/5fdca82e-89fd-42db-925f-b4e78642a1ec relationship: cito:isCitedBy uri: /report/nca3 references: [] title: 'The Global Carbon Cycle: A Test of Our Knowledge of Earth as a System' type: article uri: /article/10.1126/science.290.5490.291 url: ~ year: 2000