---
cited_by:
  - publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses
    publication_type: chapter
    reference: /reference/23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532
  - publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
    publication_type: report
    reference: /reference/23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532
contributors: []
description: 'Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence in stream networks of the Satilla River Basin (SRB) were monitored monthly from August 2007 to August 2009 to study relationships between these pathogens and land use, presence of poultry houses and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge. Salmonella and Campylobacter were detected at all 10 stream sites and the three sites at the sole wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the study area. In all, 43% (129/299) and 62% (96/156) of samples were positive forSalmonella and Campylobacter, respectively, with detection frequency increasing in downstream sites with more poultry production and influence of WWTP discharge. BothSalmonella and Campylobacter detection frequencies were positively associated with the number of poultry houses in the subwatersheds, but agricultural land use as a proportion of the watershed was not a significant predictor of either pathogen. Fecal indicator bacterial levels were assessed and evaluated for their ability to predict the presence of pathogens. Of those examined, enterococci was most predictive; of the 129 samples positive for Salmonella, 88% (113/129) were detected when enterococci were above EPA single sample threshold (61 CFU 100 ml-1); and of the 96 samples positive forCampylobacter, 90% (86/96) were detected when enterococci levels exceeded this level. Comparatively, Escherichia coli concentrations were above EPA single sample thresholds in 38% (49/129) of the positive Salmonella samples. Detection of the pathogens throughout the watershed indicated that there was potential for waterborne transmission especially in downstream areas that were more likely to have recreational users. '
display_name: Landscape and seasonal factors influence Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence in a rural mixed use watershed
doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.028
files: []
href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.028.yaml
identifier: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.028
journal_identifier: water-research
journal_pages: 6075-6085
journal_vol: 47
notes: ~
parents:
  - display_name: "Chapter 6: Climate Impacts on Water-Related Illnesses (in 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment')"
    reference: /reference/23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532
    relationship: cito:isCitedBy
    uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses
  - display_name: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment'
    reference: /reference/23698ef9-9662-4f1e-8204-9c8fa2c1c532
    relationship: cito:isCitedBy
    uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016
references: []
title: Landscape and seasonal factors influence Salmonella and Campylobacter prevalence in a rural mixed use watershed
type: article
uri: /article/10.1016/j.watres.2013.07.028
url: ~
year: 2013