--- cited_by: - publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses/finding/exposure-risk-from-extreme-precipitation-events publication_type: finding reference: /reference/3e34582d-ee92-45b3-9240-924ca5e98824 - publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses publication_type: chapter reference: /reference/3e34582d-ee92-45b3-9240-924ca5e98824 - publication: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 publication_type: report reference: /reference/3e34582d-ee92-45b3-9240-924ca5e98824 contributors: - display_name: 'Author : Steven R. Corsi (US Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/19307.yaml id: 19307 organization: country_code: US display_name: US Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center identifier: us-geological-survey-wisconsin-water-science-center name: US Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center organization_type_identifier: federal type: organization url: http://wi.water.usgs.gov/ organization_uri: /organization/us-geological-survey-wisconsin-water-science-center person: display_name: Steven R. Corsi first_name: Steven R. id: 11004 last_name: Corsi middle_name: ~ orcid: 0000-0003-0583-5536 type: person url: http://wi.water.usgs.gov/professional-pages/corsi.html person_id: 11004 person_uri: /person/11004 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/19307 - display_name: 'Author : Mark A. Borchardt (U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/19067.yaml id: 19067 organization: country_code: US display_name: U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service identifier: agricultural-research-service name: U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service organization_type_identifier: federal type: organization url: http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/main.htm organization_uri: /organization/agricultural-research-service person: display_name: Mark A. Borchardt first_name: Mark A. id: 10926 last_name: Borchardt middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://www.ars.usda.gov/pandp/people/people.htm?personid=46066 person_id: 10926 person_uri: /person/10926 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/19067 - display_name: 'Author : Susan K. Spencer (U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/19308.yaml id: 19308 organization: country_code: US display_name: U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service identifier: agricultural-research-service name: U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service organization_type_identifier: federal type: organization url: http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/main.htm organization_uri: /organization/agricultural-research-service person: display_name: Susan K. Spencer first_name: Susan K. id: 11005 last_name: Spencer middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://www.ars.usda.gov/pandp/people/people.htm?personid=46287 person_id: 11005 person_uri: /person/11005 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/19308 - display_name: 'Author : Peter E. Hughes (US Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/19309.yaml id: 19309 organization: country_code: US display_name: US Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center identifier: us-geological-survey-wisconsin-water-science-center name: US Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center organization_type_identifier: federal type: organization url: http://wi.water.usgs.gov/ organization_uri: /organization/us-geological-survey-wisconsin-water-science-center person: display_name: Peter E. Hughes first_name: Peter E. id: 11006 last_name: Hughes middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: http://wi.water.usgs.gov/professional-pages/hughes.html person_id: 11006 person_uri: /person/11006 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/19309 - display_name: 'Author : Austin K. Baldwin (US Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center) ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/19310.yaml id: 19310 organization: country_code: US display_name: US Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center identifier: us-geological-survey-wisconsin-water-science-center name: US Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center organization_type_identifier: federal type: organization url: http://wi.water.usgs.gov/ organization_uri: /organization/us-geological-survey-wisconsin-water-science-center person: display_name: Austin K. Baldwin first_name: Austin K. id: 11007 last_name: Baldwin middle_name: ~ orcid: ~ type: person url: https://profile.usgs.gov/akbaldwi person_id: 11007 person_uri: /person/11007 role_type_identifier: author uri: /contributor/19310 - display_name: 'Funding Agency : U.S. Geological Survey ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/4399.yaml id: 4399 organization: country_code: US display_name: U.S. Geological Survey identifier: us-geological-survey name: U.S. Geological Survey organization_type_identifier: federal type: organization url: http://www.usgs.gov/ organization_uri: /organization/us-geological-survey person: {} person_id: ~ person_uri: ~ role_type_identifier: funding_agency uri: /contributor/4399 - display_name: 'Funding Agency : Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewage District ' href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/contributor/19311.yaml id: 19311 organization: country_code: US display_name: Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewage District identifier: milwaukee-metropolitan-sewage-district name: Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewage District organization_type_identifier: regional type: organization url: http://www.mmsd.com/ organization_uri: /organization/milwaukee-metropolitan-sewage-district person: {} person_id: ~ person_uri: ~ role_type_identifier: funding_agency uri: /contributor/19311 description: 'To examine the occurrence, hydrologic variability, and seasonal variability of human and bovine viruses in surface water, three stream locations were monitored in the Milwaukee River watershed in Wisconsin, USA, from February 2007 through June 2008. Monitoring sites included an urban subwatershed, a rural subwatershed, and the Milwaukee River at the mouth. To collect samples that characterize variability throughout changing hydrologic periods, a process control system was developed for unattended, large-volume (56-2800 L) filtration over extended durations. This system provided flow-weighted mean concentrations during runoff and extended (24-h) low-flow periods. Human viruses and bovine viruses were detected by real-time qPCR in 49% and 41% of samples (n = 63), respectively. All human viruses analyzed were detected at least once including adenovirus (40% of samples), GI norovirus (10%), enterovirus (8%), rotavirus (6%), GII norovirus (1.6%) and hepatitis A virus (1.6%). Three of seven bovine viruses analyzed were detected including bovine polyomavirus (32%), bovine rotavirus (19%), and bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (5%). Human viruses were present in 63% of runoff samples resulting from precipitation and snowmelt, and 20% of low-flow samples. Maximum human virus concentrations exceeded 300 genomic copies/L. Bovine viruses were present in 46% of runoff samples resulting from precipitation and snowmelt and 14% of low-flow samples. The maximum bovine virus concentration was 11 genomic copies/L. Statistical modeling indicated that stream flow, precipitation, and season explained the variability of human viruses in the watershed, and hydrologic condition (runoff event or low-flow) and season explained the variability of the sum of human and bovine viruses; however, no model was identified that could explain the variability of bovine viruses alone. Understanding the factors that affect virus fate and transport in rivers will aid watershed management for minimizing human exposure and disease transmission. ' display_name: 'Human and bovine viruses in the Milwaukee River watershed: Hydrologically relevant representation and relations with environmental variables' doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072 files: [] href: http://52.38.26.42:8080/article/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072.yaml identifier: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072 journal_identifier: science-total-environment journal_pages: 849-860 journal_vol: 490 notes: ~ parents: - display_name: "Finding 6.2 of 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment'" reference: /reference/3e34582d-ee92-45b3-9240-924ca5e98824 relationship: cito:isCitedBy uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses/finding/exposure-risk-from-extreme-precipitation-events - display_name: "Chapter 6: Climate Impacts on Water-Related Illnesses (in 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment')" reference: /reference/3e34582d-ee92-45b3-9240-924ca5e98824 relationship: cito:isCitedBy uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016/chapter/water-related-illnesses - display_name: 'The Impacts of Climate Change on Human Health in the United States: A Scientific Assessment' reference: /reference/3e34582d-ee92-45b3-9240-924ca5e98824 relationship: cito:isCitedBy uri: /report/usgcrp-climate-human-health-assessment-2016 references: [] title: 'Human and bovine viruses in the Milwaukee River watershed: Hydrologically relevant representation and relations with environmental variables' type: article uri: /article/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.072 url: ~ year: 2014